Comment +1 Lightroom (Score 1) 259
+1 for Lightroom. I manage over 50,000 photos taken over the last 17 years and I can find images very quickly. I think a task like this would be difficult without a database backed approach but that, of course, comes with trade-offs. Of course LR can write out any meta-data changes to the image files or an XMP file. I used to be an Adobe fanboi but with their new subscription model, not so much. I still think LR is the best tool out there.