Your characterization is a bit off - Galt was successful at what he did, and explicitly would not accept financial support from the government.
The heads of companies being bailed-out are the Jim Taggarts; those held at the top by corruption and tradition. Without government bail-out, Galt would stay at the top, or rise to the top, and the Jim Taggart-like folks would fall. Yes, it would take time, they have lots of money to burn through first, but that money burn is proper re-distribution of wealth.
Improper redistribution of wealth is as you describe - printing money and handing it to people undeservedly. This directly leads to increased demand for goods, supply doesn't change, prices go up. You cannot couch this as a tax refund either; if we actually refunded taxes paid by the people back to the people, this would be legitimate, but that money (and lots more) has already been spent.