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Science

Carl Sagan, as "Mr. X," Extolled Benefits of Marijuana 263

New submitter Colin Castro writes with an exceprt from the San Francisco Chronicle that reveals a different side of Carl Sagan: MarijuanaMajority.com founder Tom Angell spent a few days this summer in the Library of Congress researching the iconic American astronomer, astrophysicist, cosmologist and author and has come away with a bounty. Angell says he found some never-before-released writings on marijuana policy from the author of classics such as 'Contact' and the TV show 'Cosmos', which is the most widely watched series in the history of American public television. ... I am convinced that there are genuine and valid levels of perception available with cannabis (and probably with other drugs) which are, through the defects of our society and our educational system, unavailable to us without such drugs,' Sagan wrote in 1971, under the name Mr. X.
Biotech

Study: An Evolutionary "Arms Race" Shaped the Human Genome 33

An anonymous reader writes "An evolutionary race between rival elements within the genomes of primates drove the evolution of complex regulatory networks that orchestrate the activity of genes in every cell of our bodies, reveals new research. The race was between mobile DNA sequences known as 'retrotransposons' (jumping genes) and the genes that have evolved to control them. Scientists at the University of California Santa Cruz, identified genes in humans that make repressor proteins to shut down specific jumping genes. "We have basically the same 20,000 protein-coding genes as a frog, yet our genome is much more complicated, with more layers of gene regulation. This study helps explain how that came about," said Sofie Salama, a research associate at the UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute who led the study."

Comment Re:Why yes, we should blame the victim here (Score 1) 311

So... why is it the people who upload and host this stuff do not have consequences? Why is it people who are actively crappy to others do not have this same mantra associated with them?

Because the actively crappy people often don't have enough cash or earning potential to make it worth suing them.

Comment Sue Earth-Day organizers next (Score 1) 311

I was hit with a baseball bat made from wood harvested from a tree that grew from a seedling planted by an earth-day participant. Earth-day organizers conspired to grow trees in an obvious conspiracy that must have included the 7 year-old at a little league game who lost his grip and threw said wooden bat. Sounds like a RICO case to me.

Comment Re:Won't pay? (Score 5, Insightful) 266

Actually, he also exposed a bug in the bug reporting system that prevents it from responding to and or acknowledging the exact type of vulnerabilities it was designed to find. It was obviously repeatable since the vulnerability was reported twice and was ignored both times. He should be paid for that one as well.

Comment Re:Praise Legacy Data (Score 1) 336

Unfortunately, if the insurance companies find out about that, they may no longer pay claims for the insured patients of those doctors. According to the doctors I know, they are not allowed to discount the bills for the uninsured. The insurance company enjoys a discounted rate and never pays the billed price yet they contractually bind Doctors to have to make more money treating an uninsured patient with the ability to pay than an insured one. Billing at a discount for an uninsured patient is considered breach of contract with the insurance companies. They won't need to do that much any more, our government just handed them exactly what they wanted. Everyone now has to pay insurance companies and they have control over everyone's care. Insurance companies are absolutely the only ones that will be getting any good out of Obamacare in the long run. It was a bad idea when republicans brought it up and just because insurance companies now endorse democratic candidates it is still a bad idea. I have exceptional insurance but I choose to pay $30k to see a specialist my insurance company didn't think I needed. I would pay 10 times that for what I have gotten. Being free to make my own health care decisions and allowing the doctors to treat as they see best for this particular situation rather than try to make everything fit into a billing code has ended up giving me much better outcome at a far cheaper price than the insurance company would have paid in the end. Insurance was making me suffer needlessly by tying the hands of good doctors. When I said i would pay cash, I got help in 6 months for something that has been maintained at a "good enough" level for which my insurance was billed over $200,000 just in prescription drugs since 2000. Yet, me putting $30k up front fixed the problem. I understand many people don't have the luxury of being able to afford to fix their own problems and they need a solution too but not one that makes us all get "good enough" care. I wasn't making it living paycheck to paycheck just 3 years ago myself but I worked very hard in spite of my illness to be able to afford treatment that didn't fit neatly on an insurance form.

Comment Re:Time frame (Score 1) 209

Contrary to popular belief, twinkies DO have an expiration date....

Just because one was printed on the package for the last few years does not mean it has any validity or basis. What no one knows yet is that the last Twinkie was baked in 1976. Recently, the supply that has been repackaged time and time again since then with fresh expiration dates ran out.

Comment Re:Final nail? (Score 1) 398

Nail in what coffin? No one can deny our climate is changing. But neither can anyone deny that anything that could conceivably change our lives is a really good thing for politicians who can use that shred of truth to gather supporters. Science observes that the climate is changing but only has observations from a statistically insignificant amount of time over the earth's existence. We can infer things from archeological evidence such as ice cores and tree rings and sediments but it is not direct observation and other processes that we may not even know exist could account for the CO2 levels in ice layers or the amount and type of vegetation in a layer of sediment etc. Ice cores show about the same CO2 levels as now existed about 20 million years ago yet composition of plant leaf waxes in marine sediments in the antarctic seem to suggest temperatures more than 20 degrees F hotter than today and we don't have any other evidence that explains why. While evidence seems to suggest such high temperatures, current models show a steady growth of polar ice at that same time period. The current models for the earth's systems can't produce an accurate 10 day weather forecast and suddenly we can predict our effect on the weather will cause global catastrophe hundreds of years into the future? Politicians have rung alarm bells whenever science comes up with a possible interpretation of observed data that could change our lives. In the 1960's acid rain was going to melt our buildings and kill our crops and send us into a global famine. It was a real thing and our industry did contribute some of the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide which makes the rain acidic. Areas around major industry did see dangerous acidity increases but on a global scale rain acidity was almost normal, the vast majority of nitrogen oxides are produced naturally by lightning and sulfur dioxide is produced by volcanic eruptions. We did have a problem to be sure but it was not that acid rain would end the world. We breath easier in our cities because of the regulations on the emissions we imposed in response the impending global doom. The problem is that the average person doesn't care if someone who lives near a bunch of factories is sick all the time. But they do care if those far off factories are reaching out and melting their backyard bird bath and killing their vegetable garden. Politicians used the earliest and most alarmist of predictions they could make sound plausible to gain voter support to fix a real but different problem they could not have gotten enough support for. In the 1970's science found the hole in the Ozone layer above the poles was expanding. The prediction was that we would all have to be Mylar coated to survive the wrath of the sun's unfiltered UV rays. Scientists theorized that chlorofluorocarbon compounds broken down by UV light from the sun both reacted with and catalyzed reactions with the ozone causing it's depletion. Those reactions do happen and it is now the generally accepted ( does not mean is considered fact ) to be the mechanism that widens the hole in summer but others point out that we can't support any of the dire predictions of the results of those reactions. We have no observational data of the actual effect over time on surface UV levels and no data at all on what the pre-industrial ozone layer looked like: Science didn't have a clue it existed . UV light is needed for the reaction we believe depletes ozone but is also the creator of ozone as well. As more light passes the "ozone layer", more ozone is created. What that means and if there are any consequences for us or the planet is still hotly debated. Some argue that the altitude of the creation vs depletion reactions are different and that changes the UV filtering effect of the ozone as well as many other factors. There is circumstantial evidence that actually suggests that DuPont Chemical may have had a hand publicizing this scare. "In spite" of a rather lackluster opposition by DuPont, the U.S. banned CFCs as an aerosol propellant in 1978. Just before DuPont's CFC patents were set to expire in 1979. Other chemical companies were all set to compete in the CFC market without licensing but that never happened. By 1986, with a new group of HCFC patents in hand, DuPont actually condemned CFCs at the Montreal Protocol hearings saying they had safe (patented) alternatives in production. DuPont went as far as to call for the world wide ban of their own product that actually worked better than the replacements of the time but would have had a significantly reduced profit margin. That's not scientific proof either. No one has proved or disproved the DuPont anti-competition theory any more than the CFCs will deplete the Ozone and cause our extinction theory. We do know that DuPont profited from the solution to the "problem" and we do know that in the presence of UV light, CFCs break down into free radicals that react with or cause reactions with ozone. We do not know whether DuPont influenced public policy nor do we know what the effect would have been if we had increased the amount of CFCs released into the atmosphere - which was definitely set to happen. As the last few developing nations stop production and recycled CFC supplies dwindle, we will get some real data on what is actually going on. Science requires repeatability of an outcome in order to call something fact. There are no other planets we know of that have life capable of altering the atmosphere like we have and when the earth previously heated up we had a completely different biosphere. There are hot planets with high "greenhouse gas" levels but are the greenhouse gasses there the cause of the heat or the result of it? Will oceans of CO2 consuming / O2 producing plankton bloom and prevent the dire effects predicted? We do have evidence that that may be the case. We have evidence that the earth has been largely an ice sheet as well as a tropical rain forest-like planet more than once in the past and it looks like a cycle. Is it a cycle or just a random occurrence? If it is a cycle, where can we get accurate and granular enough data to even determine what the "normal" warming trend should be in a 20 year sample at our exact point in that cycle. If it isn't a self perpetuating cycle, then what has happened in the past to effect climate changes and would current conditions cause a similar event to have the same effect? Again, politicians have popularized an alarmist - possibly plausible problem to garner support in solving other problems. So many of the "solutions" to global warming solve real problems that urgently need solving yet would be very hard to garner support for in the face of the well funded entities that would not profit from such changes. People in industrial areas aren't going to vote to eliminate their own jobs even if they are slowly being killed and industry isn't going to voluntarily reduce profits for any reason except to increase future profits. Don't be fooled either way. We have no idea if the earth will get hot or not because of our car exhausts. BUT we do know that our own industries and products are harming us in ways that they don't or no longer need to. It is relatively easy to build broad support for preventing a doomsday projection with some way of making it plausible. Although the laws being passed right now in the name of preventing global warming may have little or no affect on the earth's climate, they are still much needed for other reasons and are opposed by those with a stake in the old way of doing things

Comment Re:CIDR not always supported (Score 1) 164

Seriously, the cost of powering a piece of equipment that can only deal with classfull addresses should be more than the cost to replace it. At some point, there will not be a choice but everyone will be suffering by then. The world has always been a place where if you cant keep up with the times, you cease to exist. There will be many sad tales of how the internet migration killed this and that... just like when things moved to the internet in the first place. Have you seen a 4 inch thick Sears catalog lately or a 10 pound Computer Shopper? Find a paper magazine or newspaper in a few more years. This is the first situation where I think a monopoly on internet access would be a good thing. Of course, that monopoly would have resisted any changes to a successful revenue stream so we would not have innovated ourselves into depleting the IPv4 addresses in the first place. But faced with running out of a zero cost product like a publicly routeable address (that we would by no be paying dearly for) they would force whatever change they needed to. Cable companies have no competition so they do what is most profitable. In America at least, all cable channels used to be commercial free - until over the air programming was no longer competition. Got an analog TV?......

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