The volatility of precious metals is known since the Ancient times. Precious metals have never been a good storage for monetary value, their main advantage was their ability to be measured easily (either by weighing them or by counting minted coins), and to be carried around easily - advantages you also have with paper money or with the numbers on a banking account.

Compare for instance the prices for platinum and gold, two precious metals with very similar properties: Same frequency of occurrence in the Earth crust, same properties (density between 19-20 g per cubic centimeter, does not oxydate easily, can be cast and cold formed), same usages (mainly jewelry, some industrial usage, some coined or cast into bars to be stored as assets). Their prices have been so volatile recently, that platinum was about twice the price of gold, and vice versa within just a decade. Compared with that, the dollar/euro exchange rate is an example of long time stability.

This is plainout wrong, Whites became powerful when they still had Serfdom. And while England in fact abolished real Serfdom during the reign of Elizabeth I, it replaced it by the Copyhold tenancy, which only get abolished in 1925(!). Russia conquered most of Northern Asia in the 16th and 17th century, but abolished Serfdom in 1861. Nothing with personal and economic freedom among their own people.

For an overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

70 years?!

Where do you live?

Industrial fossil burning started in Europe around 1710, when Thomas Newcomen built his first steam engines (while Thomas Savery had it patented in 1698 already, Newcomen's construction was of practical usability and was widely used).

In the mid-19th century, Western and Central Europe was fully industrialized, and coal was the main energy source. The retreat of the glaciers was noticeable around 1900, and has accelerated since then.

Additional, since more than 200 years, lots of sanatoriums to treat tuberculosis have been built in the Alps, and in parallel, tourism flourished here. Thus we have a huge collection of postcards and other pictures of the Alps including their glaciers reaching back that far (first colored drawings, since about 150 years also photographs), and thus we can easily document the glaciers' successive retreat for the last 200 years.

Climate change to ever rising temperatures at least for Central Europe is thus well documented for centuries.

Oh, the climate models are quite good for the region I live in. Austria collects weather and climate data since more than 250 years already, so we have a pretty good timeline of climate conditions since the 18th century. If I remember correctly, yearly weather reports started in 1736, very important for a society depending heavily on agriculture. And tell you what: Average yearly temperatures have risen two degrees Celsius since the start of the weather records. And that includes the Year Without a Summer 1816 (probably caused by the volcanic eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815).

It's not as if the rising temperatures are something just recently discovered or somehow recalculated into the past. It's something that has been observed by several generation of scientists now.

Actually, some of the accidents were when a human driver was in control. It's quite possible that the human driver could have avoided the accident, but alas, he didn't.

Russia is also an Asian country, but the majority of its population lives in Europe. Thus it makes it an European country. (And the Russian fabs are in Europe too.)

Geographically, the border between Europa and Asia is considered to be the Ural Mountains and the Caucasus Mountains.

A lot of it can be attributed to statistical effects. Lets say, we make the cut-off between a small or medium business and a big corporation at 500 employees. Companies will cross this line all the time. Some grow larger than 500 employees, others shrink until they are below 500 employees, or they go bust and fire more than 500 employees. In all those cases of crossing the 500-employees-line, it will always be a small or medium company adding jobs and a large corporation slashing jobs. That's built into the definition! So in your statistics, you will see small companies adding jobs and large companies slashing jobs - but that's because you define small and large companies in a way that this result is inevitable. It has nothing to do with the potential of an individual company to add or to slash jobs.

The "more liberal" license might be the problem. While the license for the actual code you get is quite liberal, it doesn't propagate. The GPL ensures that there is always more GPLed code, once you start out from a GPL base. The BSD license is in some way an evolutionary dead end, because it is so liberal that it does not guarantee its own propagation. If I want to contribute to a project and want a guarantee that in turn, I have access to the contributions of people who are using my code, I can't rely on the BSD license. A BSD license means that the only development you are guaranteed to get is your own development. Anything else is just by chance. Your code might be useful for lots of other people, but you stand empty. There is no ROI for your development work if you publish something under BSD license. If you publish the same code under GPL, and even a single other developer shows some interest and adds something to your work, you are guaranteed to get rewarded by additional functionality.

I guess you stumbled on a logical error (and you didn't read the article). 1. Very old light reaches us all the time, not just since the start of the Hubble. Thus light from very far away objects has hit Hubble from the beginning, but we weren't able yet to identify it. So there is a function of time, but it has more to do with our increasing ability to make sense of Hubble data. 2. The article talks mainly about the limits of Hubble. As it has a limited mirror area, the amount of light it can collect is limited. Objects farther away have to be brighter to be visible with Hubble. 3. Hubble works only with light that can be reflected by its mirror. The longest wavelength it can detect is 1 micron. As light that comes from far away is redshifted, its wavelength increases. Usually we use the Lyman series of absorbtion lines of Hydrogenium to measure the redshift. As soon as the shortest wavelength of the Lyman series is redshifted to a wavelength of more than 1 micron, we can't see it anymore in Hubble. Thus the farthest object of which we can estimate the distance with Hubble can't be farther away than the redshift of the Lyman series to 1 micron allows. Yes, also X ray can be redshifted to UV and to visible light, which then could be detected by Hubble, but we can't measure the redshift (yet), because we don't know how to identify the absorbtion lines that exists in X rays.

Actually, data available from the Künstlersozialkasse, a health insurance for musicians and other artists in Germany, suggests that that curve is a hyperbola, as expected from a phenomenom in a social context.

Actually, you don't have this U-curve with musicians. But many people just see the low end (the child of the neighbours screeching away on the violin when you want to take a nap), and the top end (the star violinist in the news). This creates the false impression of an U-curve. But there are hundreds and thousands of violinists you usually don't see, because they play in some university orchester in a small town you've never visited, or they play at marriages and 50th birthday parties, or they earn their money as bar violinists. And most of them are average.

I guess, Angela Merkel knows. At least she wrote a program to simulate electron movements for her PhD thesis.

I used a pair of pictures of me as a child, which were taken when I was about 13. They look nearly similar (two shots out of a sequence done by a professional photographer). The AI estimated my age at 26 for the first and 42 for the second one.