There are lots of pressing problems.

Cyphers, as opposed to codes, have well-defined functions (be it an algorithm or a lookup table) which map the input to the output. The same functions are applied in the same way across the entire input. Unless the functions are such that the output is truly indistinguishable from a random oracle (or, indeed, any other Oracle product), information is exposed, both information about the message and information about the method for producing the cyphertext. Since randomness can tell you nothing, by definition, the amount of information exposed cannot exceed the the information limit proposed by Shannon for a channel whose bandwidth is equal to the non-randomness of the output.

(A channel is a channel is a channel. The rules don't care.)

So, obviously you want to know how to get at the greatest amount of the unencrypted data that's encoded in the non-randomness, and how do you actually then extract the contents?

In other words, is there a general purpose function that can do basic, naive cryptanalysis? And what, exactly, can such a function achieve given a channel of N bits and a message of M bits?

In other words, how much non-randomness can a cypher have before you definitely know there's enough information leakage in some arbitrary cypher for the most naive cryptanalysis possible (excluding brute-force, since that's not analytical and isn't naive since you have to know the cypher) to be able to break the cypher in finite time? (Even if that's longer than the universe is expected to last.)

Is there some function which can take the information leakage rate and the type and complexity of the cypher to produce a half-life of that class of cyphers, where you can expect half of a random selection of cyphers (out of all cyphers with the same characteristics) to be broken at around that estimated half-life point?

If you can do that, then you know how complex you can make your cypher for a competition page, and how simple you can afford it when building a TrueCrypt replacement.

Damn. I was hoping he was going to say that the solution was written down but the piece of acid-free archival paper had been cut into segments, placed in acid-free envelopes, in turn placed in argon-filled boxes, which in turn were buried at secret locations, with the GPS coordinates for each segment written in encrypted format in the will.

Thirty gigs will barely hold the coredumps and you've got to take account of the space needed for the Clippy Presentation of the Complete Works of Shakespere.

*Freddy Mercury impression*

One Core, One System!
The bright neon looks oh-so tacky.
They've screwed it up, it's now worse than wacky!
Oh oh oh, give them some vision!

No true, no false, the GUI will only do a slow waltz
No blood, no vein, MS zombies wanna much on your brain
No specs, no mission, the code's just some fried chicken!

*Switches to Gandal*

Nine cores for mortal tasks, doomed to die()
Seven for the Intel lords, in their halls of silicon
Three for the MIPS under the NSA
One for the Dark Hoarde on their Dark Campus.
One Core to rule them all, One Core to crash them,
One Core to freeze them all and in the darkness mash them!
In the land of Redmond, where the dotnet lies!

Should be adopted as a new SI (Slashdot International) unit, along with Libraries of Congress per Second.

They're probably no different from regular battery terminals. Minor metallic taste, nothing special. The taste when wire-cutting with your front teeth is more interesting as you get the plastic overtones. Sniffing molten leaded solder (produces a thick smoke) is also fun. Reminds me a bit of slightly burned cinnamon toast.

I'm not normal, am I?

It's cheaper, the shielding is lighter, gives about the same results, and the press doesn't hate it so much.

However, it doesn't much matter which you'd use, you'd get superior results. Provided things didn't break in the bounce. That was a particularly nasty prang. The yellow flags are out for sure. I wonder if Murray Walker had predicted it would go smoothly.

The way I would have done it would be to have a radioisotope battery that could run the computers and heaters (if any) but not the instruments or radio. Those should be on a separate power system, running off the battery, although I see no reason why the computer couldn't have an idle mode which consumed minimal power specifically to top off the battery.

The reason? The instruments take a lot of power over a relatively short timeframe. Same with the transmitter. That's a very different characteristic from the computers, which probably have a very flat profile. No significant change in power at different times. The computers can also be digesting data between science runs.

Well, that's one reason. The other is you don't want single points of failure. If one power system barfs, say due to a kilometre-long vault and crunch, the other has to be sufficiently useful to get work done. The problem is weight constraints. It's hard to build gas jets that can steer a fridge-freezer through space, but much harder if there's a kitchen sink bolted on. That means less-than-ideal for both power sources, which means if both function properly, you want to match power draw profiles to power deliverable. That reduces sensitivity to demand, which means you can remove a lot of protection needed for mismatched systems.

What we really need is a collaboration with ESA and NASA to produce an "educational game" where you design a probe and lander (ignoring the initial rocket stage) by plugging components into a frame, then dropping the lander on a comet or asteroid with typical (ie: high) component failure rates. Then instead of abstract discussions, we can get an approximation to "build it and see", which is the correct way to engineer.

That's the problem. One or two civilized actions and people will start expecting it. Before long, the country will be peaceful and almost murder free. It is absolutely essential, to maintain current levels of paranoia, schizophrenia and xenophobia, to eliminate all vestiges of ethics and morality.

Wasn't that done in User Friendly?

The Knights Hospitalers (I think, could have been Templars) had a fortress that was never conquered. Attackers would be bottlenecked, relative to defenders, were forever being harassed on the flanks and faced numerous blind corners.

Simply build a reproduction of this fortress around the White House. They can build a moat around it, if they like. Ringed by an electric fence. Oh, the moat needs sharks with lasers. Any suggestion for shark species?

The great thing about this is that the White House can remain a tourist attraction. Everyone loves castles, and taking blindfolded and handcuffed tourists through the maze of twisty little passages (all alike) would surely be a massive draw. BDSM is big business these days.

You mean, you've discovered politicians do one intelligent thing? Albeit for stupid reasons.

The polygraph is just a modern version of Trial by Ordeal. Where about the only thing modernized is the type of witchcraft it detects.

It has the reliability and reputation of tealeaf-reading. Actually, more people probably believe in mysticism than lie detectors.

Under these circumstances, any organization relying on polygraph testing deserves everything it suffers. Believe Mystic Meg's advice on lottery numbers? You aren't entitled to a refund on either. Same applies here. Such devices should have been consigned to the scrap yard (and/or the museum of failed criminology) decades ago.

It's no more easy to be sympathetic to the ex-cop. The fact that he's basically correct is irrelevant. First, he's milking the market. Ten greenbacks for a digital book that's likely to be yanked by officialdom. Even Dangermouse was content with one. Besides, most of the tricks are well-known and meditation can take care of the rest.

From the looks of it, the guy also harasses negative reviewers. That's definitely strike two.

And I'm willing to bet that he has abused authority a few times himself. That's becoming par for the course.

Nonetheless, despite despising the lot, police harassment and the de-facto classification of failings within authority are absolute no-go areas and that supersedes my dislike of Doug Williams and his profiteering.

Caused mainly by high quality tea. Coffee drinkers are thus entirely a figment of the imagination.

We have two options here.

Option #1: Include all organisms that are "alive" by some definition at two points in time (A and B) are alive at any point in time between A and B.

This eliminates all definitions that exclude known states for organisms. Which is most of them. All five "life processes" can be suspended in most/all organisms for indefinite periods of time. Since they are indefinite, you cannot assume any finite span of time being involved and therefore it is not the possession of properties that matters, only the potential for possession.

In fact, everything has to be written as potentials, in this model. There is nothing in this model which states that any feature has to exist simultaneously with any other feature.

Option #2: Abandon all notions of "life" entirely and go from the ground up.

There is fundamentally no distinction between living and non-living. All matter is "non-living", any concept of "life" has to be an abstract, non-physical concept that isn't binary but a gradation. In other words, it's not a property something has, it is a magnitude of a property of a collection of properties that something has. This model is necessary if you adhere to the deep oceanic origin of life theory. In this model, life formed in the deep oceanic trenches from an iron/sulphur matrix around which organic molecules (some sinking from the surface, some formed at the trench level) were bound. Since there is no binary living/non-living state in this model, this proto-proto-life must have a non-zero magnitude. (It is clearly more than the non-living structures around it, since it is a gateway to life, but it is clearly less than anything we'd classically consider "living".)

I would argue that in this model, anything that meets the classic five life processes meets or exceeds some threshold boundary, which you are entirely at liberty to call 1.0. Quasi-living things cannot equal or exceed this threshold value, definitely living things cannot fall below it. Furthermore, since all known living organisms contain processes that are critical to the function of the organism and which must have evolved at some point (something only living systems are capable of), all sub-processes of any living organism must have non-zero life, no matter how simple. (In computing terms, if you only have a notion of programs, then threads, procedures, functions, etc, are program-lites but still programmatic in nature.)

You will notice that in neither of these have I actually specified what a living organism must possess. In the first case, there must only be potentials for processes that are counter-entropic, but there is no formal description of what those processes would be. I don't need them to define life, I only need to know that counter-entropic behaviour of some sort is a non-zero possibility. In the second case, I don't even bother considering entropy. It is sufficient that there be a process which, by stepwise refinement, can be shown to be a valid sub-process at some depth of analysis of life. It simply doesn't matter if it organizes into something that is living in some sense we don't know about, just as in programmatic terms you don't care what links to a library file. If it contains some identifiable sub-process that has the potential to be a key part of a living thing, then it has non-zero life and whether that life meets some criteria or other can be left to biologists and philosophers.

These are, in my arrogant opinion, superior to classical definitions because I'm not looking at a specific something and calling it a benchmark. Which, from the perspective of early science, meant humans. If you like, I'm looking only at the fundamental specifications involved and saying that if there is non-zero overlap and that overlap is necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for life, then whatever possesses that overlap possesses enough to be considered on the spectrum.

I accept, completely, that this still doesn't guarantee covering everything. It does cover ALife and AI (provided that there exists a mapping that could, in principle, be used to convert physical life into ALife and vice versa), but it doesn't cover Isaac Asimov's speculation of silicon lifeforms unless there is a key component of the biology of such life that mirrors the biology of known carbon-based life. Just one component is enough, true, but a totally xenobiological system which has zero correspondence with known systems would not be recognizable by these approaches.

If they're wardriving, very easily. It's called nmap.