To properly handle something like rainwater takes upfront design. Some kind of roof tank that can gravity-feed all house toilets, and outdoor hoses would be nice.
As to thinking the consumer should pay for water recycling costs, I'm not suggesting that.
You just suggested building rainwater collection and 6,000 gallon holding tanks into new construction, if consumers don't pay for it, who will? Putting the 24 ton tank on top of buildings sounds like it's going to drive up building costs substantially (especially in an earthquake zone). Seems like it would be better to bury the tank and pump water to where it's needed.
But water use reduction and recycling does have to be forced, one way or another -- whether that is a cost per gallon causing prudent use, or even/odd watering days, or "no lawns allowed in AZ". So you offer incentives to those who capture...much like the solar energy people are doing today. The point is we all pay, whether the cost is direct or indirect.
But what's the cost/benefit between small scale rainwater collection and large scale municipal water collection? For most people, water only costs a penny or two per gallon (including sewage costs), is it really worth $60 - $100/year to build a 6000 gallon water collection system into your home? Greywater recycling might be more affordable since it doesn't need a huge tank.
As to crops, why don't they put down thick black plastic over the entire field. Then capture that water to a swimming pool sized holding tank, and pump it back out via drip/sprinkler systems to water their plants as needed.
I don't know if such a system is workable -- each acre would collect 27,000 gallons of water from one inch of rain, that's a lot of water to store. So collecting 10 inches of winter rain to use for summer irrigation is going to take a 270,000 gallon tank for each acre (which is a 100x100x4' tank)
Plus, preventing rainwater from seeping into the ground is just going to increase the amount of water that needs to be added through irrigation.
In any case, the answer for why it's not done is "It's expensive -- more expensive than the subsidized water" it would replace.