No, it doesn't say that at all. The conservatives were trying to "to catch him in his words" and get him to say something against Roman law, and asked him directly if one should pay taxes. "Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not? Shall we give, or shall we not give?"
Roman tax collectors were corrupt, they were thieves, and people hated them. The Jewish religion demanded animal sacrifice.
"But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it. And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's. And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's." (Mark 12:14-17) There wasn't a word about the futility of life (That would be the Kansas song "Dust in the Wind")