That's true for large clinical trials, but clinical trials aren't all or even most research. For basic research like what this journal seems to publish on, no. It's rare that you'd have an experiment which would take months, let alone 5 years, and it would only be at the very end that you'd get a yes or a no.
For example, a study in that journal is entitled "Predicting blast-induced ground vibration using general regression neural network." The abstract is
Blasting is still an economical and viable method for rock excavation in mining and civil works projects. Ground vibration
generated due to blasting is an undesirable phenomenon which is harmful for the nearby inhabitants and dwellings and
should be prevented. In this study, an attempt has been made to predict the blast-induced ground vibration and frequency
by incorporating rock properties, blast design and explosive parameters using the general regression neural network
(GRNN) technique. To validate this methodology, the predictions obtained were compared with those obtained using
the artificial neural network (ANN) model as well as by multivariate regression analysis (MVRA). Among all the methods,
GRNN provides excellent predictions with a high degree of correlation.
Emphasis mine: they're testing if they can predict how the ground will shake after an explosion.
They're not going to spend five years dreaming up a model for it completely on a dry-erase board, set off a stick of dynamite, realize they were wrong, and throw out five years of work. They get preliminary results that are positive and encourage the project to go forward. They make up a model based on data, then refine it with subsequent bombs. If one were completely unable to use the method they propose to figure out how the ground shakes during explosions, they'd likely find that out before months had gone by.
I don't know what the breakdown is between clinical trials and basic research. I'd bet there's more research money spent on clinical trials than basic research (necessary, given certain realities about clinical trials) but that there are more scientists in basic research. So I'd bet that most research out there is actually not really affected a whole lot by the negative results issue: if you get a negative result, you get it before you commit yourself to it, and you move your reserarch in a different direction.