Everyone is getting all excited about India/ISRO and ESA making it to Mars on their first attempt -- great, good job, those are achievements, no question. Here is the Wikipedia description of the USA's first attempt at Mars in 1964:, "Mariner 3 was launched on November 5, 1964 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 13, but the shroud encasing the spacecraft atop its rocket failed to open properly, and Mariner 3 did not get to Mars. Unable to collect the Sun's energy for power from its solar panels, the probe soon died when its batteries ran out and is now derelict in a solar orbit. THREE WEEKS LATER (emphasis mine), on November 28, 1964, the identical Mariner 4 was launched successfully on a 7½-month voyage to the red planet." So the second spacecraft of a two spacecraft attempt was successful, in 1964.
By the way, the first US attempt at Venus, the Mariner 1 mission, failed on launch, but, ONE MONTH LATER, the identical Mariner 2 spacecraft was launched and had a successful mission to Venus, in 1962. So, yes, these were not successful on the "first attempt" but about as close as you can get without technically achieving it, and done in a hurry, only 4 and 6 years after the US first put a satellite into orbit.