Whatever you manage to throw at the Earth will burn in the atmosphere.
Solid metal will pass through virtually unchanged. Shaped for minimum-drag in hypersonic entry (unlike capsules, which are shaped for braking), it will, by coincidence, be virtually undetectable by radar or optical until it hits the atmosphere. (Unless they are watching activity at the launch site, of course. Which they would be, if they aren't stupid.)
No-one saw the 10,000 tonne, 20m diameter Chelyabinsk meteor, which produced a half-megaton detonation. It was a stony-type meteor, hence it didn't penetrate below 25km. A solid metal manufactured impactor could easily reach the ground; but the optimum shape for a city killer would detonate in the air above the target, but below 5km.
If we see it coming we'll nuke you, even with barely modified 1950s tech.
To reach the moon with even a small nuclear warhead, you would need a full multi-stage rocket launch, not a little ICBM squirted out of a sub or silo. You couldn't hide such a launch. And it would be trackable for the entire 3 day transit to the moon. The lunar loony would just need to launch a load of gravel back along the same trajectory. No more warhead. He then throws some impactors at the launching nation's small number of suitable launch sites. No more counter-attacks. He can also hit a few LEO satellites to start a Kessler cascade, preventing any launches from Earth for several decades. His own impactors (being purely bulk-kinetic) aren't affected as they pass through.
The moon has "air superiority" over Earth due to orbital mechanics. It takes a lot more energy to bomb the moon than it does to bomb Earth. Therefore attacks from Earth must be much larger, and require substantially more infrastructure to launch, which is vulnerable to attack from moon-thrown spears-of-death. (The moon's disadvantage is that it takes a lot of infrastructure to get to that point.)