30 cents a kwh? Wow! Where are you? I don't even pay that and I have some of the most expensive electricity in the USA...
PG&E sells power in four tiers: (0-100%), (101-130%), (131-200%), (201+%). The lowest tier costs about 11 cents per kWh, and the highest tier costs about 31 cent per kWh. The baseline (100%) is carefully selected such that it is barely enough to run a small home with one occupant who is rarely in need of hot water. Per my bill, the baseline today is 11.70 kWh per day. However my refrigerator (which I cannot upgrade, it's built into the furniture) draws 600 watts, on average - and that is a good number, as it seems. I have one electric water heater (4500W.) A whole house (floor) fan draws about 1 kW. Water well pump is about 3 kW. Booster pump is 1 kW. I'm sitting here, all alone, in one room, with three computers running, and the power meter shows 850W into the house (it's dark outside.) That alone would push me above the baseline even if I don't do anything else. Most people have larger families, and they need more power. Pools are also popular. If you have one, you need to run a filter (pump) for about 5-6 hours per day. Air conditioning in summer is required if you have older people in the house. (I usually don't run A/C.) So it is *very typical* that a house ends up in tier 4 - and that is only twice the baseline! This is why solar setups are used here to drop the power consumption into a lower tier.
Here's a question: Let's say that you somehow come into possession of quite a bit of gasoline. Should the local store be required to buy it from you at their posted price?
The store is not required to buy anything. But you should be able to put a can with gas near the pump and sell it for the price that pleases you. In case of electric power, the utility has no ill effects from households who generate power. Transmission infrastructure is linear, so it does not care in what direction the currents flow. Since PV setups are synchronized to the grid, the injected power is seen at the grid as reduction of load. There is no danger to transformers or wires (and there isn't much else.) Meters are designed for bidirectional measurements.
There was an article yesterday about how Hawaii has hit the point where they're refusing additional grid-tie systems because they're getting 'irregularities' due to having so many of them. It's fixable, but that takes money. Should they raise their rates on me so you can make more profit? That's not very free market, now is it?
Haven't seen that one. No, you shouldn't be paying for someone else's profits. The Federal government does that for us already :-) But the utility should invest into development of the grid so that everyone benefits. For example, the new grid will allow me to sell you the power for half the price that the utility charges you. This would be fair, IMO.
You are aware of the concept of 'oversell', right? Just because every house has a 100/200A connection doesn't mean that EVERY house can pull that max, or even a substantial fraction of that max, simultaneously without popping something further up in the grid.
A well built grid will allow that. However even the existing grid will benefit. Without PV producers the segment will be overloaded by all the AC units in summer (for example) and "something" will disconnect the power. With PV producers - somewhere, but ideally mixed among consumers - there will be no overload. I cannot call that "bad."
The technical constraints of the grid are currently that not all points are fine with bidirectional power transfer.
The grid is highly linear. It does not care. It is governed by Ohm's law, and its extensions onto a graph. This is a well researched area, and I do not foresee much of technical difficulties even if so many PV generators are available that the current flow in the generator itself reverses. But it is true that the network has to be able to smooth the variations in solar output (due to clouds) because the generators cannot react fast enough. So some thought needs to be put into it. Nothing major, though - we know pretty much everything about linear circuits and transmission lines, and we have all the necessary instruments to monitor them.