from TFA
" Modern artificial neural networks are composed of an array of software components, divided into inputs, hidden layers and outputs. The arrays can be “trained” by repeated exposures to recognize patterns like images or sounds.
These techniques, aided by the growing speed and power of modern computers, have led to rapid improvements in speech recognition, drug discovery and computer vision. "
Sounds like both.
Well, that doesn't say anything; that just described every neural network for the past couple of decades, except for the "rapid improvement" part. I haven't read TFA, so I don't know if there's more detail, but just describing the basics of how neural networks operate isn't an explanation for why they're suddenly improving.
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