Than again, all-electric vehicles don't pay a dime for road maintenance. Maybe a per-mile charge is better.
Then you get better public transit infrastructure, or someone builds a valuable economic center (shopping mall, big office park) near a major population area, and people flat-out drive less.
I argue for a Citizen's Dividend funded by a flat 17% income tax on all business and individual income. By comparison, Social Security is funded by a separate OASDI tax of 6.2%, plus 6.2% payroll, capped on $117k income. What happens when wealth distribution changes? What happens when we have inflation, and the sheer amount of income below $117k is proportionally less than the amount above $117k? What happens when the tax on wage workers drives their wage demand up along with that 6.2% payroll that the business pays, and so labor is more expensive, and so they pay for more expensive management strategies (e.g. implement cellular manufacture, better project management, or automation) to reduce the number of employees and the amount they pay them?
The same thing is happening with roads as with a cap-and-dividend--another scheme some UBI advocates propose, in which we'd tax, e.g., pollution, and pay the tax revenue out to everyone equally. What happens when they switch to solar energy? What happens when people stop driving their cars as much? What happens when they get more efficient cars? What happens when they get electric cars? The weather and asshole plant roots do more damage to the roads than your tires, even if nobody ever drives on them.
Fuel taxes become per-mile taxes because people get more efficient cars. Per-mile taxes fail because people drive less thanks to positive economic factors (localized business, mass transit availability) and evasive behavior (moped ebike, which require no registration). What then?
Taxes on individual activities are also regressive, just as taxes on business are business-target. Taxing factory pollution output? I guarantee you I don't output 2.4 metric tonnes of coal-source CO2 per hour. Taxing liquor per liter of alcohol? I guarantee you a rich man will die of alcohol poisoning after just as much alcohol in one day as a poor man; it'll cost the same in taxes; and the rich man will have much less of his income taxed by the alcohol tax. Driving is the same: a rich man with $25,000,000 yearly income will not drive 2000 times as many miles as a poor man with $12,000--that's 24 million miles of driving, a thousand trips around the earth's circumference, or lapping the earth 2.7 times per day.
Taxing per driven mile means the rich man will be taxed a lower percentage of his income than a poor man, while any habitual behavior which reduces number of miles driven will reduce the income from this tax.