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Comment the summary is wrong (Score 4, Informative) 125

On a research grade light microscope, the maximum magnification one can get without loss of resolution is roughly 1500x - 1600x, not 400x as the summary suggests. Also, resolution of the image has nothing to do with magnification; the numerical aperture (N.A.) of the objective lens determines the resolution.

Comment Re:Where are we with Viral Immortality? (Score 2, Insightful) 187

no, engineered viruses are nowhere near that advanced. Most viruses are limited by payload; there is a limit to how much DNA (or RNA) you can engineer into a viral particle. (not unlike a BIOS virus I suppose). Also, the viruses that are able to modify the host genome do so at random locations, so it is hard to precisely control where you want a particular modification to occur. And, the virus only modifies a very small portion of the host genome. Finally, most viruses are highly picky as to what kinds of cells they will infect. For instance, HIV will only target helper T cells in the immune system. Engineering HIV to, for instance, infect cytotoxic T cells (another type of white blood cell that is similar but distinct) will never work, because as far as HIV is concerned a cytotoxic T cell is no different than a kidney cell (that is, it's not a helper T cell).

Comment Re:old news (Score 1) 187

I agree that the article makes it sound recent and I got misled too before reading TFA.
But can you explain why you differentiate between cell aging and human aging? Isn't human aging a consequence of cell aging?

cell aging is different than organism aging. Cells, by and large, are cheap to produce and are expendable. You produce cells via binary cell division; one cell becomes two new cells. However, most cell lineages can divide only a finite number of times. When cells from a lineage have undergone a certain number of divisions, they lose the ability to divide further. This is what is generally meant by "aged cells". Of course, each cell has a limited useful lifespan as well. Some cells (red blood cells) only last a few months, whereas others (neurons) last a lifetime. But whereas it is easy to replace a RBC (because of stem cells that do not have a limited number of cell divisions), it is somewhat harder to replace a neuron.

The number of times a cell can divide is limited by how long telomeres are. Each time a cell divides, its telomeres get shorter. The cell has mechanisms in place that measures telomere length. Once they are below a certain threshold, cell division stops. This is because (for reasons too detailed to get into here) sufficiently long telomeres are essential for replication of chromosome ends. Without such long telomeres, chromosome ends would fail to replicate. Normal cells do not express active telomerase, the enzyme needed to maintain telomere length during DNA replication. Stem cells and cancer cells have active telomerase.

Biotech

Submission + - Cancer docs gets death threat over drug approval (psa-rising.com)

nbauman writes: "Two oncologists got death threats from angry prostate cancer patients because they voted, as members of the Food and Drug Administration's drug approval panel, to delay approval of a new cancer drug. http://psa-rising.com/blog/index.php/2007/06/03/pr ostate-cancer-doctor-receives-death-threat-over-pr ovenge#more-325 The issue is rigorous science vs. immediate access. Howard I. Scher and Maha Hussain said that the studies of Provenge, a prostate cancer vaccine, done by manufacturer, Dendreon Corp., didn't show improved survival. After the FDA studies were done, supporters of the drug went back and found ways of interpreting the data that did show an advantage, which sometimes came out to 4 1/2 months longer survival depending on how you look at it. Critics say they're data-dredging evidence selectively to make the drug look good. http://psa-rising.com/blog/index.php/2007/04/17/sc her-to-fda-about-provenge-hearing An ongoing 500-patient study will give the answer — in 2 years. Prostate cancer patients say they'll be dead by then, they have nothing to lose, and they have a right to use a new drug now. "We want Provenge to work; that's our raison d'etre," Scher said, but in order to know whether it works, they need to complete the study. Paul Goldberg, editor of The Cancer Letter, said that basing decisions on reliable evidence is also "patient advocacy. This is just another form of it through science." http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2007/05/10/cancer-vacc ine-activists-unhappy-but-unbowed/ Usually unmentioned is the question of who should pay for the treatment. The FDA would let Dendreon give the vaccine to cancer patients now as "compassionate use," but Dendreon says it would be too expensive. Cancer patients want it to be approved so Dendreon can sell it normally and insurance companies (and Medicare) will pay for it."

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