No. Think about it - in space, to "slow something down" means the same thing as "speeding something up," that is, changing an object's velocity (commonly known as acceleration.)
As such, you'd have to spend energy to accelerate toward your target, and when you were about to reach it, decelerate (i.e. accelerate in the opposite direction) in order not to go past it.
Another way to think about it is that in your inertial frame, you are always resting. So there is no kinetic energy to "absorb" to slow down since you aren't actually moving, from your point of view. Of course, that small planetoid in front appears to be moving towards you at a large rate, but good luck "absorbing" the kinetic energy from that impact :)