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Comment Nice advance; not quite there (Score 1) 223

Per Toyota, each 9.27L / 5 kg cartridge holds enough hydrogen to produce 3.3 kWh of power. The cartridge only contains the hydrogen, not mechanism to convert it to power (a fuel cell system). In practical terms, the cartridge is enough to move a typical passenger car 16-23 km (10-14 miles).

A contemporary BEV battery (Tesla battery pack) has an energy density of 165 Wh / kg (ONE has demoed as 231 Wh / kg replacement), versus 660 Wh / kg for the hydrogen cartridge, and the battery requires 4 L / kWh versus 2.8 L / kWh for the cartridge (not including the housing nor the fuel cell itself). The energy density isn't a big problem; for transportation, the biggest issue is making an efficient way to access and swap out cartridges (batteries don't require access nor handling by the consumer).

The cartridges do require energy and more complicated infrastructure for distribution and recycling. Also, commercial hydrogen production piggybacks on commercial fossil fuel extraction and processing. As an alternative green fuel source, it would be necessary to switch to electrolysis of water. The electricity used for electrolysis would be more efficiently used directly to distribute to charge batteries rather than to electrolyse water, compress it into cartridges, physically transport the cartridges, then generate power from the hydrogen at point of use. Electricity distribution piggybacks on existing infrastructure and the generation mechanism is fungible.

I think this a necessary advancement for hydrogen-based systems, but it only solves a small part of a much more complicated puzzle in commercializing hydrogen-based power distribution. Batteries are popular because they are easier and many of the problems already solve to make them practical. What looms over hydrogen is both the externalities, but also the potential for substantial advances in battery technology and clean energy production. In-development solid-state batteries from various sources demonstrate an average 2.5x the energy density of current Li-ion batteries and promise to be much cheaper. At that energy density, it becomes very hard to see how hydrogen-based systems would compete. Without a dramatic uptake of hydrogen soon, it doesn't look like it will achieve broad commericalization.

Comment A very very small slice of the Internet (Score 1) 211

It's not a tax, so much as a commission, and it affects a tiny portion of the Internet as a whole. It may be veery lucrative, but it only affects a tiny portion of "the Internet" and really has no particular affect on the Internet as a whole. The same can be said of Google Play, which is used by many more people (though, as a demographic, they also don't tend to buy as much).

It's not particularly significant.

Comment Re:Buy different car then (Score 4, Informative) 162

Tesla didn't disable telematics or take measures to prevent access to the on-board diagnostic information in the car. I believe that's what they are referring to (actually, quite the opposite, Tesla makes that information easy to get and highly detailed).

There's nothing particularly annoying about Tesla repair. The only issue per se is that parts are in general in short supply, and the high-voltage battery requires special skills and tools to service. However, servicing the battery is only apt to happen on a handful of cars until they start reaching 250K - 350K miles or so.

Comment Re:Batteries not included. (Score 1) 182

BEV battery packs can be had for $100 / kWh wholesale in large quantities, the average wholesale cost is about $137 / kWh, and retail its more like $175 / kWh. Prices have been steadily been declining over the past few years, but supply chain issues have caused them to go up in 2021.

The amount of new production capacity coming online now, though, is huge, so I'd guess the prices ought to ease into 2022 and then drop faster in 2023. There's also increased interest in LFP-type ones, which have lower energy density but are notably much cheaper. That said, BEV sales have been doubling year-over-year for the past couple of years, and in 2021 we hit a wall with demand far outstripping production capacity. The primary limit on growth now is production capacity, but it's pretty clear that in the near term the number of BEVs will probably continue to double each year for the next couple of years. Some vendors of ICE cars have already committed to completely transition to electric between 2025 and 2030, and they'll probably be able to do that (particularly if they use LFP cells, which will free them from supply constraints for cobalt and nickel).

Comment Value Signaling? (Score 1) 225

"Truth", in Russian is "" (Pravda) - which is also the name of the official newspaper / propaganda outlet of the Soviet Communist Party. May I presume that it's not just a happy accident that the service is named after a Soviet propaganda channel? I'm guessing that Trump's overseas supporters are soiling their trousers from laughing so hard.

Comment Did anyone think otherwise? (Score 1) 79

I mean, I always assumed this to be true, instinctively. Also, some positions are "featured", which I presume means that the seller pays to get advantaged placement. Is this not true of most online retail? I always assumed that every retailer pushed their brand over the others that they sell as a matter of course.

Comment Re:Yet still pumping oil? (Score 2) 234

Norway has pumped far more oil in the North Sea than it was ever capable of using, and it sold it. It took the profits and invested it in a sovereign wealth fund, which is now worth about 1.35 trillion dollars (a bit more than $250,000 per citizen).

In 2019, the Norwegian parliament began the process of divesting in oil exploration and production. Norway will continue licensing gas and oil extraction, but current plans call for reducing licenses and production by 66% over the next 30 years. Norway has a state controlled energy company named Equinor that pumps oil and gas from the North Sea, and they are under pressure from shareholders to phase out petrochemical extraction, so their are proposing their own timetable for phasing it out in favor of other options (mostly wind, right now).

There is some concern in Norway that if they stop production too quickly, it might bolster Russia enough that they'd have the means to undercut the pressure to reduce fossil fuel consumption.

Comment Re:Vehicles? Cars? (Score 1) 234

Mostly cars. While there are EV delivery trucks and buses, they are talking about cars here. It's not very common for people in Scandinavia to drive a truck as a personal vehicle as it is in the US. I think the US is rather an outlier on the popularity of over-sized vehicles and pick-up trucks as personal transport. At the moment, the majority of mass-market EVs are sedans and cross-over type vehicles with some SUVs. Things like full-size SUVs and pick-up trucks are coming shortly.

Comment The anthropocene mass extinction (Score 1) 280

We're already in the middle of a mass extinction. There's less than half as many living things today as there were in the year I was born, and there's more than 2x as many people alive today as when I was born. This is not a sign that specific species are going extinct, but rather that the rate at which living things die is accelerating much more broadly (and the algae just speed up the process in some places). Extinctions are happening at a bit more than 300x the pre-industrial rate. Ecologists had their "oh shit" moment decades ago, and everyone else is still waking up to it.

Comment That data should come from a third party (Score 1) 233

Realistically, that information should be made available to parents, but the data should be collected and reported by third parties, not the schools. Asking schools to do it is a conflict of interest, and invites not just false reporting, but inconsistent reporting.

The information is actually useful because comparing that data for the same major across different schools gives a pretty good idea how well that school's education is generally applicable. One can also get a metric to assess the impact of costs and loans relative to employment opportunities. It sounds mercenary to think that you'd study something just for the potential money, but it's sensible to look at a course of study and decide whether you reasonably have the potential of paying back your student loans -- and how much scholarship money / grants are going to be necessary for you to say yes to a school.

Comment Perfectly Reasonable (Score 1) 103

The Apple M1 is an SoC design derived from their existing line of SoC designs for mobile applications. It rather makes sense then that the design doesn't include support for that sort of hardware extension. There's two issues: adding the necessary channels to the hardware for it, and writing the driver support to make it possible to use. The hardware support is logically something that can be added in newer designs.

There are a few sort of obvious desirable architectural features for performance desktop and laptop space (which they didn't provide an Apple silicon implementation of, and probably won't for at least a year or two): off-chip/external discrete GPUs, off-chip/non-unified RAM, more I/O / DMA channels.

These SoCs are effectively architected as would make perfect sense for a Phone, but souped up enough to make them reasonable for laptops. I suspect that you'll see ones architected more for desktop form-factors in the next 18 -24 months. They won't have to change too much to accomplish that.

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