Oral History of Margaret Hamilton Interviewed by: David C. Brock Recorded April 13, 2017 Boston, MA
I think you're misinterpreting what you're seeing here. In a medical setting, there are times (such as surgery) when surgical masks will be worn regardless of the group. Including the cloth group. The one common denominator between all the test groups is that they all wear medical-grade masks where mandated by established procedure.
So the control is the most "no masks" group there can be. Surely you didn't think the cloth mask group wore ONLY cloth masks?
No.. I think you're misinterpreting. They aren't studying people doing whatever they're doing already and recording the results. They've chosen random groups of people to either wear medical masks, cloth masks or whatever the hospital's standard practice is. And they did that for every shift for 4 weeks.
From the BMJ link (https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/4/e006577):
Intervention Hospital wards were randomised to: medical masks, cloth masks or a control group (usual practice, which included mask wearing). Participants used the mask on every shift for 4 consecutive weeks.
From the eligible wards 1868 HCWs were approached to participate. After providing informed consent, 1607 participants were randomised by ward to three arms: (1) medical masks at all times on their work shift; (2) cloth masks at all times on shift or (3) control arm (standard practice, which may or may not include mask use). Standard practice was used as control because the IRB deemed it unethical to ask participants to not wear a mask. We studied continuous mask use (defined as wearing masks all the time during a work shift, except while in the toilet or during tea or lunch breaks) because this reflects current practice in high-risk settings in Asia.
Emphasis mine.
So yes.. the cloth group surely *did* wear ONLY cloth masks.
Again, they had a control group. They compared medical masks, cloth masks, and no masks:
No. The control group was definitively *not* "no masks"
The control group was "standard practice". I repeat, from my first response (from the "Strengths and limitations of this study" section at https://bmjopen.bmj.com/conten...):
The control arm was ‘standard practice’, which comprised mask use in a high proportion of participants. As such (without a no-mask control), the finding of a much higher rate of infection in the cloth mask arm could be interpreted as harm caused by cloth masks, efficacy of medical masks, or most likely a combination of both.`
They *did not* have a "no mask" control group.
Again.. this is just saying that cloth masks are worse than medical masks. It doesn't say that cloth masks are worse than no masks.
The study is all about which types of masks *health care professionals* should use.
Conclusions
The filtration, effectiveness, fit, and performance of cloth masks are inferior to those of medical masks and respirators. Cloth mask use should not be mandated for healthcare workers, who should as a priority be provided proper respiratory protection. Cloth masks are a more suitable option for community use when medical masks are unavailable. Protection provided by cloth masks may be improved by selecting appropriate material, increasing the number of mask layers, and using those with a design that provides filtration and fit. Cloth masks should be washed daily and after high-exposure use by using soap and water or other appropriate methods.
Emphasis mine.
This study only speaks to the efficacy of cloth masks vs medical-grade masks. It it silent on cloth masks vs no masks.
In other words.. this study is useless for this discussion.
The control arm was ‘standard practice’, which comprised mask use in a high proportion of participants. As such (without a no-mask control), the finding of a much higher rate of infection in the cloth mask arm could be interpreted as harm caused by cloth masks, efficacy of medical masks, or most likely a combination of both.
Same for me. I'm not interested in connecting my TV to the internet. Personally I'm just fine with the level of functionality offered by the current versions of the Apple TV device. I have my Apple-direct content and a variety of apps to access other content. What more could I want?
So you're saying that epileptics should just assume that all games will be seizure inducing and
How is a person to know a) that a game has these seizure inducing flashing lights and b) when they are going to happen? Seems to me that without an obvious warning either on the package or on launch the only way anyone would know is after it's already happened.
And in any case the post I was responding to said that they *did* warn users and I was simply refuting that erroneous statement.
I'm sure they did not intend on causing seizures, they simply advise people susceptible to not play, which is the right thing to do.
From the summary:
Cyberpunk 2077 does not include a standard boilerplate epilepsy warning on launch, and instead places this in the games EULA
When was the last time *you* read the EULA of a game you bought?
Not to get in the way of a good rant but this was patched for devices going back 7 years, some of which can't use the latest or even the second latest major iOS release.
Should they go back further? Probably, yes (though I'd be really surprised to see someone using an iPhone 5 or 4 as a daily driver these days). I don't know about other vendors (actually I do.. and the picture ain't pretty) but Apple is most certainly not "abandoning security updates the second phones come off the line".
A patch for this also went out for iOS 12 so that covers devices all the way back to the iPhone 5s and the iPad Mini 2. Both of which were released in 2013.
It's uncertain if this bug also affects earlier versions. But I'd be surprised if an appreciable number of people were using older devices than that.
Since iOS 10, If you turn on "Limit Ad Tracking" in Settings->Privacy->Advertising this API call will return all zeroes.
Users can also change this identifier to a new UUID whenever they want by clicking on "Reset Advertising Identifier"
DC *was* carved out of Virginia and Maryland.. but what DC *is* is entirely the portion that was part of Maryland. The Virginia part returned to the state in 1847.
Not everything can be discoverable in a modern OS. Heck.. the I'm not sure that any extra arrows in the icon would tell you that hold and drag would work out of the blue. I just read the MacOS User's Guide and it's laid out quite clearly.. though it's not like there are bright neon arrows pointing at it:
https://support.apple.com/en-c...
There's even another mode that I didn't know about: you can just flick left and right on the button without holding down and it will volume up/down one step.
It is what it is.. it's documented.. there are tutorials out there (Like the one I linked to from 4 years ago). I'm not sure there's any better way of indicating the variety of modes in which a single button can operate.
Politics: A strife of interests masquerading as a contest of principles. The conduct of public affairs for private advantage. -- Ambrose Bierce