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Submission + - Unintended consequences from geoengineering proposal

david.emery writes: Geo-engineering has been proposed by some as a global solution to global climate change. A recent paper summarized by the AGU's "EOS" website shows some unintended consequences within the atmosphere for one proposed approach. https://eos.org/editor-highlig...

Climate change is a grand challenge of the 21st century. While not a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, solar geoengineering (SG) that includes injecting aerosols into the stratosphere to reflect sunlight has been proposed as a controversial strategy for responding to climate change. Among the concerns are the unknown risks, uncertainties, and unintended impacts of SG. Moch et al. [2023] reveal an overlooked atmospheric chemical feedback from stratospheric aerosol injection. They show that the stratospheric ozone depletion from SG increases the flux of certain UV radiation that, in turn, changes tropospheric atmospheric composition. As a consequence, this chemical feedback influences the spatial patterns of radiative forcing, which leads to warming in some regions and cooling in other regions, raising the concerns about global equity. This underscores the importance of deepening our understanding of SG and warns us about its potential unforeseen consequences. The full paper is linked from the EOS summary (and is available via Open Access.)

(Frankly, geo-engineering scares the bejezus out of me, precisely because we can't be sure we fully understand all the consequences.)

Comment Contributions to fault (Score 4, Informative) 282

As in most disasters, a detailed analysis shows there were many things going wrong to contribute to the error. Reading through the legal complaint, and presuming it to be reasonably accurate, as well as looking at Google's map data myself, I'd tentatively observe:

(1) The bridge washed out from a flood, obviously a defect, creating a hazard. (2) The owner, a private party, in control of the bridge never repaired the damage. (3) The barriers put up were of a temporary nature (frames not fastened in place, etc.), even though the bridge was a continuing hazard over a period of years. (4) One or more vandal(s) damaged the barriers in some unspecified way, (5) prompting the owner to remove the barriers for repair. (6) The owner left the hazard without any form of warning, including no warning signs in advance of the missing barriers, while the barriers were being repaired (7) it was a dark, and perhaps stormy night, with no lighting at the site (8) there are observable level changes in the road, which could have limited the visibility of the bridge-out condition (9) [a] Google maps chose a route over the bridge, even though [b] they were apparently notified at least twice that the bridge had been washed out, and [c] local GIS data indicated the route was interrupted at this location, and [d] other mapping systems that compete with Google had been updated, and [e] Google itself, when driving in the immediate area to update their Google images in 2019 for Google Street View, failed to photograph or update this road in 2019, perhaps demonstrating actual knowledge that the road segment should have been deleted in Google Maps. They did cover the road segment in 2012 for Google Street View, before the bridge was washed out in 2013.

In fact, if you look closely on the 2019 Google Street View image, you can see down the road to the barriers.

https://www.google.com/maps/@3...

The court will presumably weigh the magnitude of these and other contributing factors adjusted by the depth of each of the defendant's pockets. Google may have the deepest pockets, and may not be entirely blameless, but shouldn't be picking up the whole tab.

Comment Inefficiency (Score 1) 41

One major inefficiency in buying prescription drugs in general is that pharmacies are not required to find or charge you the lowest available price for your prescribed drug. This goes beyond the question of brand-name vs generic drugs. If you have commercial health insurance, they'll generally fill through your insurer, even if the cash price is lower. You have to specifically ask your pharmacist to obtain the cash price. Alternatively, you may find 3rd party contract non-insurance providers, such as GoodRX, will quote a price that may be even lower than the pharmacy's cash price.

Complicating the issue is that insurers won't count drugs obtained at the cash price (or GoodRX price) against co-pay expense limits, so depending on whether you expect to cross the "stop loss" threshold, it can be financially advantageous to pay the higher insured price.

To get the optimum price, you have to specifically ask your pharmacist about the cash price, insurance price, and investigate contact prices. AFAIK, there are no pharmacists that will figure out the lowest cost alternative for you. And of course, different pharmacies have different prices as well.

Manufacturer coupons further complicate the landscape, creating a mechanism to soak insurance companies for the greatest possible payment while shielding consumers from the huge prices manufacturers are charging. These "copay reduction" coupons generally don't work with government-program insurance programs.

Submission + - the Oligarch Act, the Democrats' latest wealth-tax bill (marketwatch.com)

ZipNada writes: The Patriotic Millionaires — a group that has been pushing for higher taxes on the rich for more than a decade — say that as of 2018, the richest 0.1% of U.S. households held one-fifth of the nation’s wealth. In addition, the group says that the more than 700 billionaires in the U.S. got even richer over the past few years because of the coronavirus pandemic, adding more than $1 trillion to their collective wealth.

The legislation would establish four brackets for the new tax:

2% for all wealth between 1,000 and 10,000 times median household wealth
4% for all wealth between 10,000 and 100,000 times median household wealth
6% for all wealth between 100,000 and 1,000,000 times median household wealth
8% for all wealth over 1,000,000 times median household wealth

Comment Amazon intentionally delays shipping based on zip (Score 1) 45

When I'm in California, I get 0-day, 1-day, and 2-day shipping from Prime, but for shipping to Nantucket, Massachusetts, for example, items are consistently promised 7-8-day delivery. Orders don't even leave an Amazon warehouse for 5-6 days, but then are delivered in 2-3 days by UPS. You can see this behavior by selecting 02554 as the delivery zip-code in the browser, and suddenly NOTHING is available in less than a full week. Yes, Nantucket is an island, but the same also behavior happens for many other zip-codes in Massachusetts that are on the mainland. This behavior predates COVID-19, so it wasn't specifically that, either This behavior is year-round, so it's not specifically due to the explosive summer population of Nantucket, either. Contacting Amazon about this strange behavior of Prime shipping to 02554 has been completely futile, their service representatives refuse to discuss any reason why this is so.

Comment As soon as I saw the name Antar... (Score 4, Interesting) 30

...I had to scan for the reference to Eddie. It's not in the summary, but it's in the linked article. This Sam Antar is the nephew of "Crazy" Eddie Antar, the outfit I bought my first stereo from. Sam Antar was also the CFO of Crazy Eddie, and was actively involved in cooking the books for many years, using methods he describes in detail on his website: https://whitecollarfraud.com/c... With his public stance as an advocate for financial reporting reform, it's truly C-R-A-Z-Y for MGM to have been actually paying him off under the table, and for him to be taking the payments.

Comment Re:I'm unfamiliar with these regulation plans. (Score 1) 65

Yes, and Yes. ITAR regulations prevent distribution of code which can be used for military purposes. Doug Williams was convicted and sentenced to two years in prison for writing & distributing instructions on how to pass polygraph tests (not necessarily by lying, either).

Comment Depends on five persons (Score 1) 65

The Supreme Court can protect or fail to protect anything, all that's required is to convince five of them to violate their oath to uphold the Constitution. It's easy to see it happening given that majorities have already voted to go back on their sworn words to Congress, or that they just don't like what the Constitution says. It would be just as easy for them to claim that the Constitution's first amendment "free speech" clause doesn't apply to code to be interpreted by electronic computers, as such computers didn't exist at the time of the writing of the Constitution itself. They already have upended laws about abortion to make them match writings from hundreds of years ago, while using the same path would lead to an obviously different view of concealed carry of firearms, which at the time of the writing of the Constitution was clearly considered to be the sole province of scoundrels and criminals.

Comment Re:GPS is easy to jam (Score 1) 83

GPS receivers can be made much harder to jam. With directional antennae, GPS receivers can nullify gain in the direction of jammers and amplify gain in the direction of known GPS satellites. When there are typically many more GPS satellites than required for position and velocity sensing, it would be difficult to place jammers in positions to jam enough signals at once to make a GPS receiver stop working.

There are also GNSS chipsets that receive not only GPS, but also GLONASS, BeiDou, QZSS, and Galileo, and some of these chipsets also receive alternative frequencies transmitted from these satellites, such as the GPS L1 & L5 signals.

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