This sounds like the kind of toxic optimism Pixar warned kids about in the movie Inside Out (the Joy character)
You can tell they were productive if you're still using their code two, five, or even ten years later.
The dangerously faulty code had been in place so long, no one could determine its origins. "Probably some jr dev", they excuse. "This is definitely Bad Practice. Even if we work around it, this could cause problems for someone else in the future. It could be causing problems now that we're unaware of."
So why wasn't it fixed? Fear. Fear of their own chaos, for it controlled them now. The managers could only feed it fresh blood as the quarters ticked by.
You can tell they were unproductive if you're not, or if you had to fire them, or if they got frustrated for whatever reason and quit.
Perhaps the dev quit exactly because the reason was mandatory unproductivity, rejecting good design so they could chase their own bugs in circles to rack up story points.
Rent-seeking middleman technology is rampant, driven by greed and fueled by complacency. If you're unable to recognize the problem, how would you know if you're part of it?
(the preceding story is true)