The democratic process relies on the assumption that citizens . . . can recognize the best political candidate, or best policy idea . . . But a growing body of research has revealed an unfortunate aspect of the human psyche that would seem to disprove this notion, and imply instead that democratic elections produce mediocre leadership and policies. . . The research . . . shows that incompetent people are inherently unable to judge the competence of other people, or the quality of those people's ideas. . . . if people lack expertise on tax reform, it is very difficult for them to identify the candidates who are actual experts. They simply lack the mental tools needed to make meaningful judgments. . . . . . democracies rarely or never elect the best leaders. Their advantage over dictatorships or other forms of government is merely that they "effectively prevent lower-than-average candidates from becoming leaders."