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The Shallow Roots of the Human Family Tree 760

An anonymous reader writes to mention an AP story about research discussing the relatively recent origins of every human on earth. Despite the age of our species, every human on earth can trace their ancestry back to someone who may have lived as recently as the Golden Age of Greece (around 500 BC). From the article: "It is human nature to wonder about our ancestors -- who they were, where they lived, what they were like. People trace their genealogy, collect antiques and visit historical sites hoping to capture just a glimpse of those who came before, to locate themselves in the sweep of history and position themselves in the web of human existence. But few people realize just how intricately that web connects them not just to people living on the planet today, but to everyone who ever lived."
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The Shallow Roots of the Human Family Tree

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  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday July 02, 2006 @03:30PM (#15646702)
    Their 2004 Nature paper [nature.com]. (May require a subscription to view the full text, I'm not sure. I might have institutional access.)

    There is also a relevant Wikipedia entry on the most recent common ancestor [wikipedia.org].
  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday July 02, 2006 @03:35PM (#15646728)
    Curiously, the nature of genetic disease suggests that if you want to ensure the survival of your descendants into the eons upon eons, you should marry outside of your ethnic group. The offspring of an Eskimo-African couple will typically have a stronger set of genes than the offspring of an Eskimo-Eskimo couple, a German-German couple, or a Vietnamese-Vietnamese couple.

    That is patently false. Humans, before we had modern technology that allowed us to travel great distances in short periods of time, had very little contact outside of our own tribes. To put, humans lived within their own tribes for hundreds of thousands of years.

    Mixing does not create a "stronger" result. If anything, it creates a weaker result, depending on how different the two parents are. Why do you think the traits of various ethnic groups were selected? Do you think they are randomly arranged? No, they were selected based on adaptations to the environment of that group of people. Mixing in differnet traits that do not fit well into that environment will result in those traits being removed.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday July 02, 2006 @03:36PM (#15646738)
    Its nice to see that some people are aware of world history. Truganini was the last Tasmanian.
  • by value_added ( 719364 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @03:42PM (#15646759)
    Makes you wonder why children take the male's family name?

    Not really [wikipedia.org]. For those averse to reading, the Netherlands section is probably the funniest.

    But while we're on the subject, I do wonder why a woman asserting her independence by refusing to take her husband's name when getting married feels perfectly comfortable carrying her father's name. According to the Wikipedia article, the practice is generally in decline, but for those of us old enough to remember the shrill "I'm no one's property" arguments before the notion became politically correct and commonplace, the irony lingers. Even funnier if you've been through divorce court.
  • by gEvil (beta) ( 945888 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @03:46PM (#15646777)
    In a couple decades somebody is going to start a great project to just check people's DNA and plug them into a world family tree.

    You mean like this? [nationalgeographic.com]
  • Re:weak argument (Score:4, Informative)

    by geoff lane ( 93738 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @03:50PM (#15646791)
    Walking just 100 yards a day would allow a population to reach the entire earth in about 1000 years or 30 generations. Do it at the right time and there was a permanent ice/land bridge between asia and alaska.
  • by wfberg ( 24378 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @03:50PM (#15646793)
    In a couple decades somebody is going to start a great project to just check people's DNA and plug them into a world family tree. The Y and mitochrondial dna would be great, we could probably trace anybody right to their family. Similar things are being done between species where DNA tests are providing actual relationships between animals as such.

    The entirety of the population of Iceland has been DNA-sampled and indexed according to their lineage. DNA studies are already used to determine how populations moved and intermixed in the past, on a population-wide scale (where a few people from a population are sampled, rather than everyone).

    There even a (if somewhat shaky) DNA test to determine racial descent [raceandhistory.com]. I saw it on a TV show once, where they had some school kids find out they had DNA from basically another race. I.e. a black guy turned out to have some asian genes, a white girl with blonde hair turned out to have some black genes etc. Possibly a bullshit test, possibly not.
  • by claes ( 25551 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @04:14PM (#15646866)
    Richard Dawkins writes in The Ancestors Tale (page 43, "The Tasmanian's Tale") that roughly 80 percent of all invidiviuals of a current population will be universal ancestors to all living decendants a certain number of generations later. How many generations? That depends on the populations size: roughly the base 2 logarithm of the population size number of generations. This is more true for small, isolated populations, especially on islands (Tasmania is given as example) - you can not take the current population of people on earth today (6 billions) and trust this number.
  • by otterpop81 ( 784896 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @04:16PM (#15646875)
    "... it is not the natural children who are God's children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham's offspring." - Romans 9:8

    Not the acutal decendents of Abraham, but the "Spiritual" children of Abraham.
  • Indeed, Jewishness (Score:5, Informative)

    by Flying pig ( 925874 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @04:34PM (#15646935)
    is passed through the female line. As the Roman author had it, mater certus, pater semper incertus est (The mother is certain, the father always uncertain.)
  • by Jeff DeMaagd ( 2015 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @05:00PM (#15647016) Homepage Journal
    That was never intended to be a genetic claim but a spiritual one. Think of it something like adoption.
  • Re:From TFA (Score:5, Informative)

    by TubeSteak ( 669689 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @05:45PM (#15647197) Journal
    If you knew anything about Iraq & Iran, you'd know that Iraq is an Arab country and Iran is a Persian country.

    The Arabs have a long running grudge against the Persian empire, which Saddam used to unite the Iraqi people during that war.

    Maybe 30% of Iraqi families are mixed Sunni-Shia. To pretend that the sectarian violence in Iraq isn't religiously motivated is ignorance in the extreme.

    It's exactly the thing that Bush Sr. predicted would happen if he invaded Iraq. So he didn't. If you honestly believe that "This generally artificial tension is being produced as a convenient cover" then i suggest you go read a book or two, because Civil War is exactly what most political scientists expected would happen.
  • Better links (Score:4, Informative)

    by Alien54 ( 180860 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @06:14PM (#15647289) Journal
    First there's this story about

    Genealogists discover royal roots on every family tree [physorg.com]

    In which they discuss the royal roots of Brooke Shields.

    What is it about Brooke? Well, nothing -- at least genealogically.

    Even without a documented connection to a notable forebear, experts say the odds are virtually 100 percent that every person on Earth is descended from one royal personage or another.

    then there is this old link to the notion of the Most Recent Common Ancestor of Mankind [humphrysfamilytree.com].

    The huge number of proven descents of people from common European royal ancestry in historical times, when considered with the vastly greater number of descents that must exist but are not among the rare few that can be proven, suggest strongly that everyone, in the West at least, is descended from an MRCA in historical times. They suggest, for example, that everyone in the West is descended from Charlemagne, c. 800 AD.

    It would seem possible that, even with a lot of geographical separation, the MRCA of the entire world is still within historical times, 3000 BC - 1000 AD. In fact, it is quite likely the entire world is descended from the Ancient Egyptian royal house, c. 1600 BC.

    We pick them as an example because they left proven descents for centuries, so it seems likely their descents did not die out, and they are ancestors of some people alive today. Hence probably ancestors of all people alive today.

    Quite likely almost everyone in the world descends from Confucius, c. 500 BC. We pick him as an example because he is the proven ancestor of some people alive today. Hence probably the ancestor of all people alive today.

    Atlantic Magazine, among others, had a story on this a few years back [theatlantic.com].

    The mathematical study of genealogy indicates that everyone in the world is descended from Nefertiti and Confucius, and everyone of European ancestry is descended from Muhammad and Charlemagne

  • Somewhat misleading (Score:3, Informative)

    by sgent ( 874402 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @06:39PM (#15647377)
    The Jewish religion is passed down through the mother. To inherit judaism, your mother must be jewish.

    That said, the religious status (priest/Levite, Cohain), tribe, and inheritance are all passed through the father. For instance, David was the scion of Saul. His mother was irrelavent to his being King of Isreal.

  • -1, Incoherent Rant (Score:3, Informative)

    by Tim ( 686 ) <timr@alumni.was[ ... u ['hin' in gap]> on Sunday July 02, 2006 @06:42PM (#15647386) Homepage
    "Some idiot with a PhD in molecular genetics (not population genetics) while debating me once blurted out that the human race is in a "Hardy-Wienberg Equilibrium", which is essentially the impression intended by the referenced article."

    The "idiot" was wrong, but so are you: the article makes no reference to Hardy-Weinburg equilibria, nor does it need to -- it doesn't discuss allele frequencies.

    "What HRE means is that there is no "population structure" such as "races" -- which plays very well with the PC Feelgoodism that has been elevated to a state of theocratic dogma by the current zeigeist pervading not just media and academia but governmental circles."

    Whoa...settle down, there, Cletus. The liberals aren't coming to get you today!

    Incoherent, vaguely conservative ranting about "dogma" and "zeigests" aside, you don't understand the definition of Hardy-Weinburg equilibria (perhaps that's why you're so upset!) Simply put, HRE tells us how to predict the stable frequencies of dominant and recessive alleles within a closed population. It's a fundamental theorem of population genetics, not a wedge issue in the Culture War.

    This article is about ancestry, and makes a simple mathematical argument that human beings are all related. It doesn't make a commentary about race or geographical diversity. Get a grip.
  • by Colin Smith ( 2679 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @06:55PM (#15647426)

    http://www.childsupportanalysis.co.uk/analysis_and _opinion/choices_and_behaviours/misattributed_pate rnity.htm [childsuppo...ysis.co.uk]

    ok, it seems to vary from about 5%, but rates of 20% - 30% are common. So... Guys... have you had a DNA test?

     
  • by Dionysus ( 12737 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @07:33PM (#15647509) Homepage
    the childrens last name is a combination of the parents name.

    same in the Vietnamese culture. Children take both their parents name. Married people don't take their partner's name.
    Their children take the father's last name for the combination.

    So, say father Huynh, mother Vo.
    Children would have the last name Huynh Vo.
    Say, children marries someone whose father and mother were Nguyen and Quan respectivelly, then their children would have the last name Huynh Nguyen.

    This practice has gone out of use though, especially for people who grew up in the Western world (most of the people I know living in the US or Europe basically decided on a family name, like Huynh, and kept it "simple")
  • by Hepneck ( 876605 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @07:55PM (#15647559)
    Neither of David's parents were relevant to his becoming king. Jonathan was the scion of Saul, as he was Saul's son. David, the son of Jesse (and later Jonathan's best friend), was unrelated to Saul, and became king because he was annointed by the prophet Samuel. Neither David's patrilineal, nor his matrilineal line mattered to his being king of Israel.
    Your facts were wrong, your point is right.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Sunday July 02, 2006 @08:11PM (#15647593)
    The mayor of Los Angeles, Antonio Villaraigosa, did exactly this when he got married. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Villaraigosa [wikipedia.org]

  • Re:Persian country? (Score:4, Informative)

    by TubeSteak ( 669689 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @10:25PM (#15647916) Journal
    Iran isn't a Persian Country.
    Persia was the name used outside of Iran up until 1935.
    Iranians called their land Iran beginning around 226 AD/CE
    Yes, I wrote that correctly. 1,780 years of calling themselves Iranians.

    Before 226 AD, the Persians referred to themselves as Aryanam, which the word "Iran" is a spinoff of. The earliest written self-reference of the Persians as Aryanam was in 486 BC. That stretches the Iranian timeline back another 712 years.

    Iranians are Caucasians

    Iran (the Persian Empire) started out roughly 700 BC when several Aryan tribes united.
    Iran literally means "the land of Aryans"
    Culturally and linguistically they're Aryans.
    Ethnically, Iran (the Persian Empire) is a mix, which includes Caucusians.

    It's a bit confusing to discuss since the 'Iranian (Persian) people' covers more than just the people inside Iran's current border.

    P.S. Aryan, as I'm using it, has nothing to do with the racial supremecists or Nazis. In the 1900's they confused & bastardized the word.
  • LDS Church (Score:2, Informative)

    by mulhollandj ( 807571 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @10:55PM (#15648009)
    Nobody does family history like the LDS church. Check out www.familysearch.org. You can even download free software. It is interesting some of the changes they are doing such as scanning in petabytes of microfilm and indexing it through thousands of volunteers. They are also going to try to make some sort of a world tree using a wiki-like format. I also believe they are going to incorporate GIS data so you can see where people have moved around.
  • by amiable1 ( 770808 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @11:07PM (#15648051)
    The interesting argument, related to theories known for a century (Galon-Watson,Fisher) are correct for single genes, or completely linked clusters (e.g.mitochondria, Y chromosome). It does not hold in the presence of recombination.

    In other words, the conclusion is false for entire individuals, but true for single genes or very tightly linked clusters.

    Questions?

  • by ShanghaiBill ( 739463 ) on Sunday July 02, 2006 @11:59PM (#15648173)
    The article fails to consider the Australian Aborigines,

    The aborigines were not genetically isolated. Australia was visited by Indonesians at least 4000 years ago. We know this because that is when dingoes (dogs) arrived in Australia.

  • Nothing new here (Score:2, Informative)

    by FSMonster ( 939213 ) on Monday July 03, 2006 @12:40AM (#15648289)
    As Richard Dawkins said, it's true indeed there was an 'ancestral Adam (and Eve)', but he could have lived ten or a hundred thousand years ago. The calculations they performed works with arbitrary variables they input and then wait what number comes out. Might be fun, like Google Trends, but ultimately inconsequential.
  • by cwspain ( 774211 ) on Monday July 03, 2006 @01:13AM (#15648369)
    What changed this? Christianity brining decidedly Roman attitudes.

    Actually, not Christianity bringing Roman attitudes, but Romans. For the first few centuries of Christianity in Ireland and northern Great Britain, it had a distinctly Celtic flavor, including a greater degree of gender equality and married clergy. Some even believe that St. Brigid was a bishop (the evidence is not very strong in either direction). The change came when the Celts started sending missionaries to the European mainland and they came into some conflict with Rome because they did things differently. It was at that point that Rome tightened control over the Celtic church and brought them in line with the Roman way of doing things.

  • by grushenka ( 986509 ) on Monday July 03, 2006 @04:27AM (#15648706)
    Not likely. The typical white supremecist's ancestors would not have been able to afford slaves.

    Um, not. Great-granddaddy was poor white racist trash, coming from probably your typical subsistence farming South Carolina background, and his family owned slaves (just a few) before the war. This was normal - even the slightly better-off poor had slaves.

    Also, need I mention Trent Lott or Strom Thurmond?
  • by Anonymous Coward on Monday July 03, 2006 @07:09AM (#15649106)
    Aristotle was not well known to medieval European writers until the 1200's.

    And the male-centered society of ancient Greece definitely predates Aristotle. This is why, in Plato's dialogues, Socrates says that love between two men is superior to love between a man and a woman. Tyrants were men, and any dynasties were patrilineal. And if you go much further back, Homer also describes a very male-dominated society. And so does Greek mythology in general.

    Some of the older remains of the ancient Minoan civilization shows strong signs of being different. It is very possible that in earlier times there was a more female-oriented Greek civilization that was overwritten when Indo-European influences came in from elsewhere. (presumably Mesopotamia)

    Of course there were various female-oriented cults that existed in Roman times. E.g. The cult of Cybele, the rites of the bona dea, the cult of Isis, and so on. There were also various exclusively female rituals in classical Greece, as seen in the Thesmophorizeusae. But these are distinct from each other, and none of them are definitively known to be connected with the pre-Indo-European cultures.

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