Follow Slashdot stories on Twitter

 



Forgot your password?
typodupeerror
×

U.S. Government Developed the iPod 614

ezavada writes "Engadget reports that in a speech at Tuskegee University, President Bush claims that government research developed the iPod." From the article: "While we have to gratefully acknowledge the efforts of government agencies such as DARPA in some of the fields mentioned by the President, we also feel obligated to point out the accomplishments of private companies in the US and abroad, including IBM, Hitachi and Toshiba -- not to mention the Fraunhofer Institute, which developed the original MP3 codec ..."
This discussion has been archived. No new comments can be posted.

U.S. Government Developed the iPod

Comments Filter:
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:24AM (#15179676)
    Que expected Bush flaming...
  • Absurd (Score:5, Insightful)

    by Anonymous Coward on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:32AM (#15179692)
    He didn't say that at all. According to the article, he said that the "the government funded research in microdrive storage, electrochemistry and signal compression" and goes on to say that while the government intendeed that for one (unspecified) purpose, that "it turned out that those were the key ingredients for the development of the iPod".

    That's a long long way from claiming to have "invented the iPod".

    This whole story is a waste of space. It doesn't even mention Ponies.
  • by linguae ( 763922 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:32AM (#15179693)

    The title of the article is incorrect; the US government didn't develop the iPod. It just helped fund the development of certain technologies at various research labs and universities that private corporations picked up and further developed on.

    In other news early this morning, the US government helped develop Linux. More details come later.

  • Haha (Score:3, Insightful)

    by tsa ( 15680 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:32AM (#15179695) Homepage
    You can say what you want about Bush, but not that he hasn't got a sense of humour.
  • by BaltikaTroika ( 809862 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:33AM (#15179697)
    From TFA: George W. Bush told his audience, "the government funded research in microdrive storage, electrochemistry and signal compression. They did so for one reason: It turned out that those were the key ingredients for the development of the iPod."

    The bold type is mine. I doubt that the single reason that things like signal compression were funded was because it was necessary to develop the iPod. It seems like these things could be more useful in military/computer/communications/etc. spheres than in personal entertainment.

    Does this sound like a (bad) joke taken out of context to anybody else? Don't we have editors for this sort of thing?

    Baltika
    --
    http://www.pancakelane.com/ [pancakelane.com]

  • Logical disconnect (Score:3, Insightful)

    by MadUndergrad ( 950779 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:34AM (#15179702)
    FTFA:

    "the government funded research in microdrive storage, electrochemistry and signal compression."

    Yes, that seems reasonable enough. The government does lots of research, much of which benefits private companies.

    "They did so for one reason: It turned out that those were the key ingredients for the development of the iPod."

    The thing about this statement, is that they don't actually state a reason. They say there was a reason, then they go on to say that the research resulted in the ipod. The result is not a reason.

    The sheer vagueness and lack of point to this article makes me want to smack whoever wrote it.
  • -1: Troll (Score:5, Insightful)

    by MythMoth ( 73648 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:38AM (#15179711) Homepage
    He didn't say "we invented the iPod". He didn't say "We invented MP3".

    What he did say, according to the article, was: "the government funded research in microdrive storage, electrochemistry and signal compression. They did so for one reason: It turned out that those were the key ingredients for the development of the iPod."

    I don't think there's anything outrageous or untrue in there. And it's so short an excerpt that it's impossible to say what the overall tone of the speech was. Quite possibly this was taken out of context.

    So an obviously partisan article and an inept Slashdot summary. Don't bother to read TFA.

    Since this will obviously raise the spectre of the "Al Gore invented the internet" meme, I'd like to take the opportunity to remind people that Robert Kahn and Vincent Cerf (who arguably did invent the internet) have defended Gore's actual statement, with the observation that: "No other elected official, to our knowledge, has made a greater contribution over a longer period of time."
  • by jlp2097 ( 223651 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:39AM (#15179713) Homepage Journal
    From TFA:
    "The government funded research in microdrive storage, electrochemistry and signal compression. They did so for one reason: It turned out that those were the key ingredients for the development of the iPod."
    So he's only claiming the funding of research for ingredients that would eventually be used in the iPod. He's not claiming that they have developed the iPod. Sounds like press hype to me.
  • by tsa ( 15680 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:42AM (#15179716) Homepage
    Come on, it's a joke. No need to get worked up about it.
  • by MythMoth ( 73648 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:44AM (#15179719) Homepage
    It was a speech. So the colon was placed there by a third party.

    That could read two ways:
    i. They did so for one and only one reason which was...
    ii. They did so for one reason, but it turned out that...

    Reading (ii) seems far more likely to me. It sounds more like poor phrasing than a poor joke to me (though you may well be right). But the article "helpfully" omits the broader context of the speech.

    I'm no fan of the US president. But it irritates me to see the personality attacks instead of substantive policy attacks.
  • Re:Absurd (Score:5, Insightful)

    by MoonFog ( 586818 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @06:00AM (#15179753)
    It will probably get passed around the net as if Bush said he developed the iPod. Al Gore never did say he "invented the internet" either.
  • by Homology ( 639438 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @06:30AM (#15179800)
    Too bad for Saddam that he decided to play chicken with the weapons inspectors instead of complying fully as he was required to do.

    The "full compliance" demand was manufactured by the US administration as an excuse to invade Iraq. According to Hans Blix (head of UN inspection teams) they complied well enough, not perfect, though. Moreover, much of the information the inspection teams was given from USA was very wrong or outright lies designed to provoke a reaction from the Iraqi government.

    If he hadn't decided to bluff, then he might very well still be torturing his people to death in large numbers today.

    Where Saddam stopped, USA continued, and committing many war crimes as well. Why do you think that USA is so hated by the general population in the Middle-East?

  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday April 22, 2006 @07:23AM (#15179879)
    Well, while I'm sure it hasn't done much to endear them to the average man in the mosque, the USA was hated by people in the middle east well before any of their Iraqi adventures. The bigger fallout from the Iraq war has been the damage to America's standing amongst their allies and other friendly nations. Even if the USA is stronger, nobody likes a greedy lying bully.
  • by Nutria ( 679911 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @07:42AM (#15179913)
    Based on his sense of humor, something tells me that this has about a 100% chance of being a joke, and I'm sure that the audience probably got a kick out of it. In fact, I bet if everyone here were there, and didn't hate GW, they would laugh too.

    This is Slashdot. It is de rigeur that we criticize GWB early, often and continuously, even when it's patently obvious to anyone with more than a pea-brain that GWB was making a joke.
  • by bj8rn ( 583532 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @07:43AM (#15179918)
    According to a Foreign Affairs article [foreignaffairs.org], Saddam fell victim to his own bluff. One one hand, he was desperate to prove that he had complied with the requests to destroy any WMD; on the other hand, however, he still kept playing the WMD card in regional matters. When he finally did decide that it was time to quit bluffing and prove that he really didn't have a WMD program anymore, these steps were intrepreted as an attempt to cover up existing WMD.
  • by DrWho520 ( 655973 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @07:47AM (#15179925) Journal
    Why do you think that USA is so hated by the general population in the Middle-East?

    Because we are portrayed as the white, Christian west, the source of all the woe in the Middle East. Because we are the white devil. Because they have been rabble roused into hating us the same way we are continuously rabble roused into hating them. Because we side with Israel.

    Because we have power. Because we are not afraid to use that power. Because we know embargoes and condemnations from the UN will NOT stop Iran from producing nuclear weapons, because people will sell around the embargo and no one cares what the UN says. Because the latest people to use our power have used it like a broadsword and not like a scalpel. Because we are the new Rome.

    Because we are human and we make mistakes.

    Because we want our way of life to remain the same. Because we can choose to be Christian or Muslim. Because we can say what we want. Because we can depose our entire government by stepping to the other side of a curtain and checking the other box. Because we won the Cold War.

    Because we lost the Vietnam War.

    Because we could fix all of our problems at home at the expense of ignoring everyone else abroad, but we still have the homeless, the illiterate, the destitute and ghettos.

    Now mod me down, because I am not part of the group think and my ideas and opinions burn you eyes.
  • Actually (Score:4, Insightful)

    by stunt_penguin ( 906223 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @07:59AM (#15179952)
    he should have been bragging about helping develop the Creative Nomad and Jukebox players that were among the first HD based portable mp3 players- there are a few earlier players, as I'm sure I'll now be told, but the Nomad was one of the first really popular ones. Of course Pinnochio doesn't know the difference, and I suspect that history will see itself rewritten to show that the iPod was the first HD based mp3 player on the market, but Creative were there first.

    Now, Apple did an astoundingly good Job(s) in taking the existing clunky models and making a sleek, user friendly player out of more-or-less existing technologies, but by no means were they the inventors of the portable mp3 player.

  • by Homology ( 639438 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @08:25AM (#15180011)
    Personally, I think it may have more to do with generations of religious zealotry breeding a general hatred of western culture, and cartel-like governments using that to control the population and secure their own power. Then again, we do pretty much the same thing in USA.

    USA has a long history of toppling democracies, crushing popular movements and installing/supporting dictatorships in the Middle-East and elsewhere.

    These US policies are backlashing fairly often. The USA mostly created, trained and financed those very same groups they are hunting down in their so-called "war on terror". During the Soviet occupation of Afganistan, billons of dollars was poured into these networks. US specialists in terrorism, guerilla/urban warfare and insurgency trained what is to become their enemies.

    USA through their puppet governments are crushing down hard on any popular movement for social improvement, democracy or worker rights. Socialists, union activist, academics or generally any on the left side are hunted down and prosecuted. What remains are radical religious movements that hardly stand for any social progress. Yet another backlash. A good example of this is Iran where the brutal US installed was toppled.

    The list goes on and on.

  • Re:Whoa... (Score:4, Insightful)

    by ZeroExistenZ ( 721849 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @08:46AM (#15180045)
    Mind your own fucking businsess.

    Actually, the US politics are more people's business then you might realize as it impacts more people then just Americans.
    I mean if your family gets shot in the face by Americans -in your country, at your home!-, it becomes your business.
    When oil-prices skyrocket because your president feels he has to go murder some people, then it becomes your business, if your president doesn't feel like trying to do something at pollution -being the head of the country with the highest pollution rate- then it becomes everyone's business.

    btw, it's business. It's a shame you don't even master your own language added to your ignorance.

  • by hey! ( 33014 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @09:15AM (#15180110) Homepage Journal
    Well, we may have a justifiable horror of chemical munitions, but it was never in question that Iraq had had them. The question was whether they still had them, in contravention to the agreement ending hostilities in the first Gulf War, and whether they were still developing new ones.

    It's good that you remind us how bad the Baath regime was. But it shouldn't affect our view of the policies we're pursuing. It's also important not to "shift the goalposts" when evaluating the success of a policy. You have to judge it by its ostensible purpose, otherwise there's no accountability for failure. You might as well ask to be lead around like a pack of sheep.

    There's no doubt that Hussein's regime, by any reasonable standard, was evil. But that wasn't the purpose of the war; nor was Iraq the only evil regime in the world, or even the worst regime. It was supposedly the most dangerous regime. The stated purpose of the war was to preempt the transfer of WMD to Al Qaeda. If you doubt this, check out this presidential speech [whitehouse.gov]:


    We know that Iraq and the al Qaeda terrorist network share a common enemy -- the United States of America. We know that Iraq and al Qaeda have had high-level contacts that go back a decade. Some al Qaeda leaders who fled Afghanistan went to Iraq. These include one very senior al Qaeda leader who received medical treatment in Baghdad this year, and who has been associated with planning for chemical and biological attacks. We've learned that Iraq has trained al Qaeda members in bomb-making and poisons and deadly gases.

    and

    Iraq could decide on any given day to provide a biological or chemical weapon to a terrorist group or individual terrorists. Alliance with terrorists could allow the Iraqi regime to attack America without leaving any fingerprints.

    and

    Failure to act would embolden other tyrants, allow terrorists access to new weapons and new resources, and make blackmail a permanent feature of world events.

    and finally:

    We could wait and hope that Saddam does not give weapons to terrorists, or develop a nuclear weapon to blackmail the world.


    The speech even conjures up the "mushroom cloud" which was so in evidence in the run up to the war, and connects it to the 9/11 attacks.

    Judged on its own terms then, the policy was a failure. None of the evidence that was cited has panned out; in fact it is now clear that much of it had already been disproven when it was cited at the time, the only question being whether the knowledge of this had reached the policy making levels of the Administration. Either way you answer the question, it's not a happy scenario.

    It is posssible that Sadaam had a covert WMD program, which moved its stocks and equipment to a third country, Syria as some have suggested. It's not very likely in my opinion, but less likely things have happened in the past. I could spin a pluasible sounding scenario which would explain this unlikely event, although spinning is far from proving, as we're learning to our regret. But assuming that the WMD program was taken out of the country, then the policy was if anything a worse failure than if the weapons never existed. Because now we don't know where they are, and the most likely country doesn't just have tenuous ties to Al Qaeda: it keeps its own pet terrorist groups.
  • by kypper ( 446750 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @09:30AM (#15180146)
    Now mod me down, because I am not part of the group think and my ideas and opinions burn you eyes.
    Funny, but I see your opinion every time I tune into Fox News.

    It always kills me to see the same black and white debate on the same issue. Absolutely nobody in America can stand politically in the middle, or concede that either side might have some valid point.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday April 22, 2006 @09:57AM (#15180245)
    You realize that most of these are 100% false. They've been debunked on hundereds of sites already.
  • by notque ( 636838 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @10:31AM (#15180382) Homepage Journal
    The WMDs had been used extensively during the Iran-Iraq war.

    The WMDs had been used extensively, with our support, during the Iran-Iraq war
  • by Sj0 ( 472011 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @11:49AM (#15180693) Journal
    I'm not sure that Saddams regime was evil. From what I understand, other than a few cases where a hard line was taken against an assassination or a rebellion(or, of course, his famous culling of the political body when he took power), it looks very much like Saddam modernized and liberalized the country, and kept it more free than most countries in the reigon.

    Frankly, we're there now, and we're failing to control the same forces he had to deal with. His tactics may have been utterly brutal, but they appear to have worked for the most part, where we seem doomed to stay there forever to prop up the iraqi government against factions of the iraqi people.

    Also, when talking about genocide, we have to remember that hundreds of thousands, possibly millions, were killed by the economic sanctions we put in place after Kuwait, according to some organizations.

    In all, this whole situation is a whole lot murkier than most people are willing to admitand just saying "that regime was evil", especially in that reigon of the world, is an almost meaningless statement.
  • Cute. (Score:3, Insightful)

    by SvnLyrBrto ( 62138 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @01:03PM (#15181051)
    Nice job mindlessly reciting the racist caricature put forth by the military propagandists. You duckspeak doubleplusgood.

    Now let me ask: How many real-life Japanese people do you actually know? I bet the answer is: "none". I, on the other hand, know quite a few, tourists and exchange students I've met, and immigrants and their descendants I've gotten to know long-term. (Admittedly, I may have an unfair advantage. I live in San Francisco now, and used to live in Honolulu.) And they are among the nicest, most decent, generous and intelligent people I've known. And they are nothing like the stereotype that people like you try to present.

    In summary, kindly FOAD plz. K thx.

    cya,
    john
  • by SQL Error ( 16383 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @01:31PM (#15181182)
    Nope. Sales were handled Russia, China and France. America never made significant weapons sales to Iraq.

    That's why they had such crappy equipment.
  • by ScrewMaster ( 602015 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @01:35PM (#15181199)
    Well, given Carter's background you would certainly have expected him to be able to pronounce "nuclear" correctly, so I'll give Bush a pass on this one.

    And you're right ... achieving the Presidency does require intelligence and ability in certain areas. Truly stupid people don't make it that far, and this constant impugning of the man's intellect is pointless. On the other hand, a high native intelligence and the capacity to exploit the political process up to the point of being elected does not, unfortunately, imply competence at the actual job of being President. That's been demonstrated repeatedly over the past two-hundred-odd years, and indicates that the political process is selecting for the wrong types. Evolution in reverse, you might say, and when we actually do get a President that leaves the country in better shape than he found it in, it just means we got lucky. It's not like we're given a lot of choice in the matter.
  • by Anonymous Coward on Saturday April 22, 2006 @02:34PM (#15181454)
    Guantanmo isn't an "illegal prison." The liberal media hates Bush and portrays it as a worse place than it is.

    A UCLA/Stanford study proved that most of the media leaned left, and polls taken showed over 80% of journalists calling themselves Democrats.
  • Gitmo (Score:3, Insightful)

    by jonskerr ( 217459 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @03:45PM (#15181717) Homepage
    Really? You been there?

    If it's so fucking nice, why did they have to use a secret place where no one can have any oversight? Why not use a prison on US soil? You fucking anonymous coward tightasses have no fucking clue, you're just knee-jerk dickwads who are so stupid you can't even tell when we're ALL getting our freedoms taken away. Fucking cocksucker.
    Liberal media? That's because the inevitable result of DOING THE FUCKING RESEARCH IS TO BECOME LIBERAL. Remember how we slashdotters say to RTFA? Well, these reporters are the ones doing the investigating and know what's going on. But they have editors and other higher ups who are beholden to the corporate power structure. The reporters might be liberal (good for them) but the media in general isn't, unless you're listening to Air America radio. The media are owned by the same forces taking over our country - business interests who have manipulated crazy fundamentalists into being on their side. Mussolini himself defined fascism as the merger of state and corporate power. In an open and free country, EVERYONE should be outraged a place like Gitmo exists.
  • by adrianmonk ( 890071 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @05:52PM (#15182067)
    Where Saddam stopped, USA continued, and committing many war crimes as well. Why do you think that USA is so hated by the general population in the Middle-East?

    Partly because many of them think the US is a nation full of Christians. I'm not saying that people who live in countries in the Middle East are bad people or hateful by nature, but keep in mind that we are talking about countries which for the most part are theocracies. All this stuff about freedom of religion that we've developed in the West during the last few centuries since the days of the Protestant Reformation mostly doesn't apply in the Middle East yet. 400-500 years ago in Europe, the Protestant Reformation was going on, people were challenging the state religion and getting burned at the stake for stuff like translating the Bible into English. That gives you an idea of what humans are capable of when someone disagrees with their beliefs, and some similar stuff is going on in the Middle East right now. In fact, consider the recent case of Abdul Rahman [wikipedia.org], who was put on trial in Afghanistan for converting to Christianity, for which the penalty was to be death. He was released, but what's significant is that it even went to trial and that there were many people in favor of having him executed. Read the Wikipedia article and see how many supporters he had within Afghanistan.

    Once again, I'm not saying that Islamic people are bad, but at the same time, it's important not to lie to ourselves about what kinds of attitudes are out there. They may not be representative of the views of all Islamic people, but they are out there, and not they are not that far from the mainstream in certain areas.

    The ironic thing about all this is that not that many people in the US actually care that much about Christianity. Sure, there are plenty of people who are Christians, but church membership has been slowly but steadily dropping over the course of the last few decades, and Christianity has lost a whole lot of influence in mainstream culture.

  • by modecx ( 130548 ) on Saturday April 22, 2006 @09:49PM (#15182799)
    If there's one thing worse than getting busted for shit, it's getting busted for shit after you flushed it already.

    Yeah, and it's even worse yet if the cops gave it to you in the first place!
  • by smitth1276 ( 832902 ) on Sunday April 23, 2006 @12:05AM (#15183156)
    ***"Gitmo is not illegal. What we are doing there, is. It violates every one of our laws and conventions... these people, well, they are POWs ... they are soldiers and to say otherwise, is a lie. They should all be in a POW camp with the geneva convention being applied"

    You clearly haven't read the Geneva convention. Go read it. [unhchr.ch] Maybe next time you won't sound like an 8th grader spouting off crap he read on Daily Kos or something.

    For the benefit of others, who may be interested in actually knowing the facts of the matter... a POW is defined as follows...

    A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:

    1. Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict as well as members of militias or volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.[NOPE]

    2. Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of organized resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside their own territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps, including such organized resistance movements, fulfil the following conditions:

    (a) That of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates;[NOT EXACTLY, but arguable]

    (b) That of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance;{DEFINATELY NOT]

    (c) That of carrying arms openly;[WELL, IN SOME CASES... but telling a retarded kid to drive a truck somewhere and remotely detonating it is arguably underhanded]

    (d) That of conducting their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war.[NOPE]

    3. Members of regular armed forces who profess allegiance to a government or an authority not recognized by the Detaining Power.[NOPE]

    4. Persons who accompany the armed forces without actually being members thereof, such as civilian members of military aircraft crews, war correspondents, supply contractors, members of labour units or of services responsible for the welfare of the armed forces, provided that they have received authorization from the armed forces which they accompany, who shall provide them for that purpose with an identity card similar to the annexed model.[NOPE]

    5. Members of crews, including masters, pilots and apprentices, of the merchant marine and the crews of civil aircraft of the Parties to the conflict, who do not benefit by more favourable treatment under any other provisions of international law.[NOPE.]

    6. Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory, who on the approach of the enemy spontaneously take up arms to resist the invading forces, without having had time to form themselves into regular armed units, provided they carry arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war. [NOPE, nothing spontaneous about the "insurgency"]

    ***"Now, as to the media leaning left, you have to be kidding me. Show me any real study and the result, coward."

    Something like 90% of the Washington press corp votes Democrat, and twice as many self-identify as liberals as the general population.

    Here [people-press.org] is at least one poll of journalists that you could find for your self if you really wanted to know the answers to your questions.

    And another [people-press.org], showing that they are way to the left of the general public on the Iraq war. Furthermore, if you don't trust the journalist themselves, the public, by a 5:3 margin perceives the media as being biased to the left. This margin handily exceeds the margin by which the public self-identifies as conservative (not to be confused with Republican).

    Article

  • Not the USA (Score:3, Insightful)

    by phorm ( 591458 ) on Sunday April 23, 2006 @02:44AM (#15183565) Journal
    Their government, and following with that military. Oh, and corporations.

    In all honesty I find the ratio of Americans I dislike to those I like is probably about the same as locals here, but I find their corporate practices (esp RIAA/MPAA/Sony/etc), military machine, and government policies/corruption detestable. But then again, so do many of the more educated Americans.
  • by smitth1276 ( 832902 ) on Sunday April 23, 2006 @12:10PM (#15185013)
    Every single reason for going into Iraq was proven incorrect.

    Such as? Are you saying that Saddam hadn't systematically violated his cease-fire agreement? Are you saying that he had accounted for all of his illegal weapons? If so, direct me to the source, because as of UNSC resolution 1441, that was not the case, and in fact large quantities were unaccounted for. Hans Blix, in his final report to the security council, reiterated that many bio and chem weapons were unaccounted for.

    Are you saying that Saddam wasn't harboring known al-Qaeda operatives? al-Zarqawi, for example. Are you saying he wasn't harboring the bombmaker for the original WTC attack, who mysteriously killed himself by shooting himself multiple times in the head just before the invasion? Are you saying that Saddam really wasn't funding suicide bombers? Are you saying that Saddam didn't have contacts with al-Qaeda (more docs have been coming out recently to affirm this, by the way)?

    The whole world knew what would be found in Iraq, yet Bush et al. steamed on anyway.

    That is the most uninformed, or blatantly revisionist, statement I have seen on slashdot today, and that is saying a lot. I ask you simply to provide a SINGLE reputable source that indicates that a major western nations intel services thought that Saddam had no WMDs. You won't find one, of course, because you just made that up out of nowhere. But you have to at least look now, lest you appear to be a complete fool.

The rule on staying alive as a program manager is to give 'em a number or give 'em a date, but never give 'em both at once.

Working...