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Stallman — 20 Years of Explaining Free Software

Posted by kdawson on Tue Jan 09, 2007 01:13 PM
from the evolution-of-an-idea dept.
H4x0r Jim Duggan writes "The first recorded talk by Richard Stallman on free software was in 1986, so I've picked from the 2006 recordings and have made a transcript of a recent talk: The Free Software Movement and the Future of Freedom. Those two are the only transcripts of his general free software talk. Others that exist are on specific topics such as patents, GPLv3, copyright, etc. For those who've been reading Slashdot during the gradual evolution of Stallman's pronouncements, it's interesting to see what has changed over 20 years."
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  • evolution (Score:3, Funny)

    by Speare (84249) on Tuesday January 09 2007, @01:16PM (#17525148) Homepage
    For those who've been reading Slashdot during the gradual evolution of Stallman's pronouncements, it's interesting to see what has changed over 20 years.

    Nothing for you to see here; move along.

    Truer words never 403'd.

  • Open Stallman (Score:5, Interesting)

    by Doc Ruby (173196) on Tuesday January 09 2007, @01:18PM (#17525170) Homepage Journal
    How about posting audio streams/downloads of all Stallman recordings, and accepting publicly submitted transcripts on a Wiki? Let the community decide what Stallman said, including comments by Stallman. Such a project could be completed for cheap, fairly quickly - the open source way.
    • by Hijacked Public (999535) * on Tuesday January 09 2007, @01:24PM (#17525246)
      How about just replacing the entire Stallman with a CGI character that reads from a wiki based on public transcripts?
    • How about posting audio streams/downloads of all Stallman recordings, and accepting publicly submitted transcripts on a Wiki?

      Make sure a Free software license is used, so we have the freedom to edit his speeches to make him say whatever we want, provided we allow others the same freedom on our edits...

    • Let the community decide what Stallman said, including comments by Stallman.

      Any misunderstanding of what Stallman said will not be corrected by allowing "the community [to] decide what Stallman said". Unlike the expressions of ancient speakers, we can hear his recordings, read the transcripts of what he said, and email him.

      Also, such work is being done (albeit not on a wiki, which poses some minor technical advantages) thanks to the work of the FSF and FSFE.

      Finally, it's worth noting that Stallma

  • by grimJester (890090) on Tuesday January 09 2007, @01:20PM (#17525190)
    Here [compsoc.com], actually seems more interesting than TFA (This is Slashdot; I didn't read TFA). To quote:

    I work within the political system of the European Union to ensure that the development and use of free software is not hampered by new legislation. The best known example of a legislative project I worked on is the "Software Patents Directive".
  • by Anonymous Coward
    it has been twenty years and three showers ago since his first speech. Amazing.
  • by Zirtix (443841) on Tuesday January 09 2007, @01:42PM (#17525450) Homepage
    Wouldn't it be more efficient to just distribute the diff?

    --- oldspeech
    +++ newspeech
    @@ -202905339 +202905339,2 @@
    Software should be free.
    +Software patents are bad.
  • security (Score:2, Interesting)

    One thing that really sounds dated in the 1986 lecture is the discussion of passwords at the MIT AI lab. This was back when people were on local networks, and they knew everybody else who was on the network with them. People wrote C code that looked like "for (;*q;) {*p++ = *++q}", and didn't worry about buffer overflows, because hey, what kind of idiot would intentionally crash a program by putting in an unreasonably long input string? Also, in a modern university, some of the hardware and software hacking
    • ``People wrote C code that looked like "for (;*q;) {*p++ = *++q}", and didn't worry about buffer overflows, because hey, what kind of idiot would intentionally crash a program by putting in an unreasonably long input string?''

      You mean that those days are over?
    • Re:security (Score:4, Informative)

      by QuantumG (50515) * <qg@biodome.org> on Tuesday January 09 2007, @03:39PM (#17528016) Homepage Journal
      Way to totally miss the point. The purpose of introducing passwords to the MIT lab back in the early 80s wasn't to protect user's content from people hacking into the system over a network. The purpose of introducing passwords was to give administrators control over the use of the computers. It doesn't matter if today we have large networks and buffer overflows and the assumption that every machine contains confidential information. That wasn't the purpose of introducing passwords. That wasn't what RMS, and other hackers of his era, found offensive. The key message to take away from the password incident is that some people don't believe that the person sitting in front of the keyboard should have complete freedom to do whatever they want to do on the computer.. and some people do. If you want a modern version of this message, think about DRM on home computers. Or region coding on DVD players. A computer is a tool. The operator of that tool should have complete control over how it is used. If we don't have control over our tools, we can never be free.
  • by ravee (201020) on Tuesday January 09 2007, @02:01PM (#17525700) Homepage Journal
    I have viewed a couple of videos of Stallman's speeches and have transcripted one of them. Listening him speak, I couldn't help thinking that he has all the qualities of a leader. His speeches strike a cord and entertain at the same time. He has very good oratorical skills.
    • I've heard RMS speak and while he's not terrible, he's not the world's greatest orator either; his speeches tend to ramble a little, as you can see from the 1986 transcript. I won't mention the picking-skin-off-feet-and-eating-it video - you can search for it if you must.
    • I appreciate most of what RMS says. I strongly disagree with his numbering scheme for the 4 essential software freedoms. Read people count starting at 1. It's stupid to have the leader of a movement use an inside joke when giving a public talk about something so important. Freedom zero.... How stupid.

      Hey Richard, how many freedoms are there?
      Four.
      What's the fourth one?
      There isn't one... Only a zeroth through third.

      This nonsense has got to stop. The GPL is fairly readable, but this stupid geekism rig
      • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

        Regardless of how you number them, the ordinals don't have a "zeroth" element. If you start numbering from zero, then the first element is number zero, the fourth is number three. I didn't read/listen to TFA, but if he really said there is no fourth freedom, he's wrong and I agree with you. If he's just numbering from zero, then I have no problem with that aspect.
  • by ortholattice (175065) on Tuesday January 09 2007, @02:05PM (#17525774)
    Although it is apparent that he disapproves CC licences in general, RMS didn't seem to touch on an aspect of "non-commercial use" CC licenses that I find troubling. The problem is that "non-commercial" is not clearly defined. Certainly there can be blatant commercial use that is easy to identify, but there are many situations where it is not so clear. Suppose, for example, the material is posted a personal home page, which is provided free by the ISP in exchange for advertisements. Does that constitute "commercial use"? Clearly, the ISP is profiting from the material if it is drawing people to that page and thus the ads. It is easy to come up with many such examples, and it is even hard to come up with examples where the use is disconnected from the slightest taint of a direct or indirect commercial connection. Is a Red Cross advertisement commericial or noncommercial? If the Red Cross paid a magazine for a full-page ad, then the magazine is earning some money from it.

    I will usually avoid using "non-commercial use" material in my own work. For one thing, it is incompatible with say GPL-licensed software, since e.g. a CC-licensed "non-commercial use" icon would prevent a commercial entity from using it, defeating the purpose of the GPL.

  • "Producing a proprietary program is not the same contribution to society as producing the same program and letting it be free. Because writing the program is just a potential contribution to society. The real contribution to the wealth of society happens only when the program is used. And if you prevent the program from being used, the contribution doesn't actually happen. So, the contribution that society needs is not these proprietary programs that everyone has such an incentive to make, the contribution

    • by FallLine (12211) * <fallline AT operamail DOT com> on Tuesday January 09 2007, @03:28PM (#17527744)
      The idea of owning information is harmful in three different levels. Materially harmful on three different levels, and each kind of material harm has a corresponding spiritual harm.

      |SNIP|

      The first level is just that it discourages the use of the program, it causes fewer people to use the program, but in fact it takes no less work to make a program for fewer people to use.

      |SNIP|

      The second level of harm comes when people want to change the program, because no program is really right for all the people who would like to use it. Just as people like to vary recipes, putting in less salt say, or maybe they like to add some green peppers, so people also need to change programs in order to get the effects that they need.

      |SNIP|

      The third level of harm is in the interaction between software developers themselves. Because any field of knowledge advance most when people can build on the work of others, but ownership of information is explicitly designed to prevent anyone else to doing that.
      That is it folks. In other words, his argument is closed source software is wrong on pragmatic grounds because:

      A) fewer people will use the software (because it tries to prevent people from using w/o paying)

      B) the software is less useful to people because they can't modify the original program

      C) proprietary software is less valuable because other developers in lateral areas can't learn from it.

      It seems pretty clear to me that his arguments failed on these pragmatic grounds and that he's had to shift his anti-ownership rational to far more nebulous and entirely philosophical arguments about "freedom" for its own sake.

      The facts are:

      A) Contrary to his "first level" of harm: proprietary software has vastly outcompeted open software despite its barriers.

      B) Contrary to his "second level" of harm: that most users still prefer closed source software despite the fact that they can't tinker with it and despite the fact that it costs more/has more barriers.

      C) Contrary to his "third level" of harm: that proprietary software still appeals more to its end users despite the fact that proprietary developers benefit little from the pool of open source code. This despite the fact that open source developers supposedly have a huge advantage over proprietary developers because they can exploit the GPL and other copyleft code to a level that their counterparts cannot.

      In short, he's given up on his pragmatic rationale since they've been proven almost entirely wrong. I'll concede that there is something to be said for the sharing of code in some cases, but we're to choose rationally between no ownership vs choice of ownership (the status quo) that the latter is the only sensible and pragmatic choice given his own (old) arguments and the empirical evidence (or lack thereof) from his so-called copyleft movement.
      • A) Contrary to his "first level" of harm: proprietary software has vastly [out-competed] open software despite its barriers.

        Thought experiment: if somehow, suddenly, Linux closed all the sources and took a non-free license, would they gain or lose users? If somehow, suddenly, Microsoft opened the sources of Vista under the GPL (or BSD, or whatever), would they gain or lose users? Correlation vs. causation and all that.

        B) Contrary to his "second level" of harm: that most users still prefer closed source so

        • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

          I think that your arguments focus on the wrong side of the point. Proprietary software is popular, true. That doesn't mean that open sourcing it would make it less popular.

          To cut to the chase, this is your flawed argument, not mine. The debate truly is not whether the act of open sourcing existing software itself impacts user adoption: most users don't even know what source code is nor would they care. The debate is about whether or not open source licensing creates an environment condusive to the produ

      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        Let's do a thought experiment shall we? Let's assume your rendering of his argument is correct and let's change "software" to "information" - as a concrete example, newspaper information available in sources such as the New York Times (NYT), Wall Street Journal (WSJ) and free (no cost) versions available through Yahoo or other services.

        Fewer people do use the WSJ versus the NYT. It costs money to get the WSJ. NYT requires registration. Now compare Yahoo and other sources that have no cost and no barriers

      • Re: (Score:3, Interesting)

        In short, he's given up on his pragmatic rationale since they've been proven almost entirely wrong.

        They're not proven wrong yet.

        Remember that the copyleft movement is a movement about purity of design; in essence, all of his conclusions about open-source vs. closed-source software are based on the assumption of all else being equal. With no other factors involved, his three points about software are absolutely correct. More people will use a free product over a product they have to pay for, if those produc

  • ... a recent picture of RMS? I thought he was taller.
    • He'd have a good excuse if his first language was Spanish. Software libre is nice and clear, and sounds good too. "Liberty Software" is not ambiguous but sounds like crap, like mutual funds or collectable coins.
      • Re:Hard to explain (Score:4, Interesting)

        by stefanlasiewski (63134) <slashdot@nOSpaM.stefanco.com> on Tuesday January 09 2007, @02:02PM (#17525726) Homepage Journal
        It depends...

        "Liberty" sometimes sounds honorable, like something out of the US Constitution. "Free" sounds cheap... like "free soda".

        In the business world, it's not unusual to hear something like "Oh, MySQL? Oh, we don't support freeware." The perception is often that "Free" == "Cheap and unsupported". In reality, MySQL is a good product, and support is available in several forms.

        Get your free painted Liberty silver dollar here!

        I guess that's why some people prefer "Libre".
        • I guess that's why some people prefer "Libre".

          I do prefer libre, and frequently refer to free software as software libre as it's perfectly clear as libre == freedom. It's just it's not English so it's really just as confusing to English speakers as "free software" just in a different way. Just my opinion, but in English both "Liberty Software" and "Freedom Software" sound cumbersome.

          The funny thing is that RMS chose "free" in part because it was unclear and would require discussion about the nature of fre
        • Conversely, if that recent Jack Black wrestling movie had instead been called "Free Nachos", it would probably have drawn larger crowds...
    • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

      You see when people adopted the monkier of open source software. . .

      So that Microsoft could exploit the ambiguity of the word "open" to claim that their software is open source? I'm afraid the word "open" is just as open to interpretaion as any other non-technical word.

      Of course RMS provided a technical defintion of what he meant by "Free Software."

      The reason a lot of people prefer to use "Open Source" isn't because the term "free" is ambiguous (although I recognize the existence of the "libre" crowd); it's
      • Re: (Score:3, Insightful)

        The reason a lot of people prefer to use "Open Source" isn't because the term "free" is ambiguous

        Unfortunately, so is 'open.' Look at the different definitions of 'open specification' you have:

        1. Anyone may read this specification and implement it.
        2. Anyone may read this specification, but there are conditions on implementations.
        3. Anyone who gives us a load of money can implement this specification.

        The same is true of 'open source.' There is a legal definition on the OSI site, which is very long, and far less concise that the FSF's four freedoms, but without it the term is highly ambiguous. Is Micros

    • Free software is not about source code, it's about freedom.
      Source code is a part of that freedom, but there's more to it, like for example rights for distribution, and rights for distribution of improvements.
    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      it's about source code, not price.
      No, it's not about code, it's about freedom.
      How good is to be able to see the code, if you can't modify and redistribute it?
    • Tried "man emacs" lately? Or used gcc? Just to give two examples of projects he initiated and wrote the original versions of.
    • Re:Bleh (Score:5, Insightful)

      by Dik Zak (974638) on Tuesday January 09 2007, @01:47PM (#17525524)

      what has HE done?
      He developed the original Emacs, GNU Emacs, the GNU Compiler Collection, and the GNU Debugger. That's a pretty serious contribution you know.
    • He did get over it a long time ago, like when he decided that he is not going to sue anyone for (legally) re-using his code and omitting what would be their trade mark. You cannot blame the man just for being vocal. His peewees provide for comic relief, whereas Microsoft's cost a lot of money and cause headaches.

    • Re: (Score:3, Informative)

      The difference is that Windows is an operating system, Linux is just a kernel. You can do quite a bit with Windows on its own. But there's not much you can do with Linux on its own, without anything from GNU.
      • Re: (Score:2, Insightful)

        GNU however could be replaced with something else. e.g. the BSD userland/libraries. Would we then be obliged to call the operating system BSD/Linux?
    • No (Score:5, Insightful)

      by orasio (188021) <orasio@internet.[ ].uy ['com' in gap]> on Tuesday January 09 2007, @02:05PM (#17525758) Homepage
      He will never get over it.
      When mswindows 95 appeared, it wasn't called "the DOS system". It was the Windows system, running on DOS. Okay, that's too much of a stretch.
      mswindows nt/2000 was not the "kernel32.exe".
      OSX is not "mach + some apple stuff".

      An operating system is a lot more than a kernel, in the same way that a car is a lot more than its engine, even when it doesn't work without it. The user doesn't get to interact with the engine, and the car would be the same car, if the engine is replaced. That happens the same way with Operating Systems and kernels. Debian is not there yet, but they have several GNU distributions with varying kernels.

      Linux is a good kernel, and plays an important role for the success of free software. Aside from that, when you get for example, Ubuntu, there is a lot more GNU than Linux included in the CD. And the platform is defined by the GNU system, not the Linux kernel.
      When people say they know "Linux", for example the "Linux" console, they are talking about bash. When talking about "Linux" programming, it's usually GCC, the "Linux" desktop might be Gnome or KDE, of course, but it's not Linux either.

      The guy will never get over it, because, in that particular issue, he is right, and the people who think different from him are just wrong. There's no way he will change his opinion on that issue.
      • Re:No (Score:4, Insightful)

        by a.d.trick (894813) on Tuesday January 09 2007, @03:08PM (#17527282) Homepage
        The guy will never get over it, because, in that particular issue, he is right, and the people who think different from him are just wrong. There's no way he will change his opinion on that issue.

        I beg to differ. The term 'Linux' has gained a second meaning as a short form for 'an OS that uses the Linux kernel' which is almost always the GNU system with a Linux kernel. Language and words change so we can talk more efficiently. It happens all over the place in our language: 'refrigerator' became 'fridge', 'windows' instead of 'Microsoft Windows', even the notorious "where's the internet" is short for "where's the icon to open my web browser". Of course, it causes ambiguity and confusion sometimes, I have a hard time talking to new people about windows as in that box your graphical apps open up in, but that's the price we pay for shortening our language. In the end, it's all about efficiency.

        I understand that RMS wants the extra publicity, and I think they really deserve it. Unfortunately, it's not going to happen unless you turn GNU/Linux into a two syllable word: people are too lazy.

        • Re:No (Score:5, Insightful)

          by swillden (191260) * <shawn-ds@willden.org> on Tuesday January 09 2007, @03:32PM (#17527852) Homepage Journal

          If Linux Torvalds hadn't got involved in software RMS would have a following of academic lisp gurus numbering nearly in three digits.

          I doubt it. If Linus hadn't done what he did, I think there would have been another kernel by the mid-90s. Perhaps it would have HURD (I think the availability of Linux slowed HURD development), or perhaps it would have been BSD, or perhaps it would have been something else. Linus' contribution was important, but the kernel is one of the smaller components in a full operating system.

          If Richard Stallman hadn't got involved in software Linux would have a different compiler.

          And a different license. If RMS hadn't started GNU, Linux would have had a BSD user environment, and probably a BSD license. It's hard to say what the impact of that would have been. It seems clear that a BSD-licensed Linux wouldn't have gotten all of the corporate participation that the GPL-licensed Linux has.

          Without GNU, I also think Linux would have been delayed for a few years, because it would have been necessary to either write all the user space tools or wait for the BSD settlement to legitimize the BSD stuff.

          Getting back to the question of the compiler, I wonder what Linus would have used if GCC weren't available. What were the options for a poor college student in 1991? I was a student at the time, and I know that the compilers available to me were Borland's Turbo C and compilers from OS vendors, including Microsoft, Sun, HP and DEC. Borland's was the the most accessible to students, because of their education prices, but neither it nor Microsoft's compiler would have run on Linus' fledgling new OS, unless it provided a DOS-like kernel interface. The others were really expensive. The BSD and Minix compilers were around, but I'm not sure if he could have used either of them legally.

          Perhaps Linus would have had to write a C compiler as he was writing his kernel? I really don't know the answer to these questions.

          Speculating about how Free Software history would have changed with either RMS or Linus removed from it is complex and difficult. There were a lot of interrelated factors.

    • A lot of people do not realize that they base many decisions (such as car purchases) on quirks of personality, or prejudices against certain people, rather than on the merits of the proposition in question. It's good that you recognize this. It would be even better if you would tried to stop doing it...
    • Very well put.
    • The problem is, no one is selling the same model car. The instructions are free of charge, but you have to buy the parts and assemble them yourself.* This seems to scare most people from driving what is arguably a better car.



      *Ok, nowdays, you can hire someone to assemble the parts for you, but it's the same priciple.
    • "Now granted there are some well commented/documented projects. But if you don't make it part of your core values to not only give out free functional software but also EDUCATIONAL SOURCE CODE then we're not much better off are we?"

      And the design documents, diagrams, and anything else that would help get potential contributors up to speed.

      But perhaps we just aren't up to snuff and the code itself is what is supposed to educate us all on its own.

      Mind you, I don't necessarily practice that with the code I hav
    • Re:Stallman on Linux (Score:4, Interesting)

      by Aim Here (765712) on Tuesday January 09 2007, @03:33PM (#17527868)
      Read your own quote "... his political point of view is that ... the developer can simply decide whether you have freedom or not...".

      Linus chose to give us freedom, but he still believes that authors have the rights to deprive users of 'the four freedoms', should they want to.
      Stallman believes that the user should have the right to those freedoms, regardless of the wishes of the authors. Therein lies the ideological difference.